Chapter 2 Multiple choice questions

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What's the increased risk of developing schizophrenia if your sibling has the disease? Select correct answer.

Two fold correct incorrect

Four fold correct incorrect

Ten fold correct incorrect

Hundred fold correct incorrect

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What developments led to the emergence of reliable diagnoses of psychiatric disease? Select all correct answers.

The discovery of genetic variants that increase disease risk correct incorrect

Advances in brain imaging correct incorrect

The use of structured interviews correct incorrect

The development of operationalized diagnostic criteria correct incorrect

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Who is recruited into an adoption study? Select all correct answers.

Only children given up for adoption correct incorrect

Ill adoptees, their biological and adoptive relatives correct incorrect

Only the biological relatives of children given up for adoption correct incorrect

Adopted away children, ill mothers and well mothers correct incorrect

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What evidence did adoption studies of schizophrenia provide about the causes of the disorder? Select all correct answers.

There are substantial genetic effects on the risk for schizophrenia correct incorrect

There are substantial environmental effects on the risk of schizophrenia correct incorrect

Schizophrenia and a spectrum of symptoms are influenced by the same genetic risk correct incorrect

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are genetically separable correct incorrect

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Which of the following is true about twin studies? Select all correct answers.

Monozygotic twins are genetically identical correct incorrect

Dizygotic twins share half their genetic material correct incorrect

Resemblance between twins results from two distinct sets of factors: genes and shared environment correct incorrect

Twin studies tell us nothing about the contribution of the environment to disease risk correct incorrect

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If a twin study reports that the correlation of a trait in MZ pairs is slightly less than twice that in DZ pairs, what conclusions can be reached? Select all correct answers.

There is no contribution from the environment correct incorrect

Heritable factors play a major role in determining the trait correct incorrect

Heritable factors play a minor part in determining the trait correct incorrect

The heritability of the trait is likely to be high correct incorrect

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How is heritability defined? Select all correct answers.

The genetic variance divided by the total phenotypic variance correct incorrect

The genes that contribute to a phenotype correct incorrect

The number of segregating mutations in a pedigree that causes disease correct incorrect

The proportion of variation in a phenotype that is due to the genetic differences among individuals in the population correct incorrect

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What is the heritability of schizophrenia estimated from twin studies? Select correct answer.

0% correct incorrect

10% correct incorrect

40% correct incorrect

80% correct incorrect

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What are the objections to the twin method? Select all correct answers.

In some respects parents treat MZ twins more similarly than they do DZ twins correct incorrect

Twins make up about 1.5% of human populations and so are not typical of the general population correct incorrect

Twins are at increased risk for problems such as low birth weight and prenatal or perinatal complications, thus making them unrepresentative of the general population correct incorrect

MZ and DZ twins do not grow up in exactly the same environment correct incorrect

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What is true about the equal environment assumption? Select all correct answers.

It undermines the results of twin studies correct incorrect

It has no support from studies of how the environment affects behavior correct incorrect

It assumes that the greater resemblance in MZ twins compared with DZ twins results entirely from the greater genetic similarity of MZ twins correct incorrect

It states that the environmental exposures of MZ and DZ twins are equally similar correct incorrect