Chapter 19 Multiple choice questions

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Why hasn't knowing the genome of a chimpanzee told us which genes are involved in speech? Select all correct answers.

There are just too many other genetic differences between chimpanzees and humans for those contributing to the acquisition speech to be identified correct incorrect

Our analysis of the sequence differences between humans and chimpanzees is still too rudimentary to detect genes involved in the acquisition of speech correct incorrect

Speech is not a heritable characteristic so the genes involved can't be found through genetic approaches correct incorrect

The failure to identify speech genes is due to a lack of power: with sequence from more than 10,000 chimpanzees the genes could be identified correct incorrect

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Why are some species monogamous? Select all correct answers.

The origins of monogamy are not understood and there is currently no good hypothesis to explain it correct incorrect

One possibility is that males are unable to defend access to more than one female at a time correct incorrect

One hypothesis is that males who devote time to their children, protecting and nurturing them, rather than pursuing more sexual partners, can increase the chance that their offspring survive correct incorrect

Monogamy benefits a species because it allows a random distribution of genetic effects, hence increasing the chances that beneficial variants will be passed on to the next generation correct incorrect

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What are the functions of oxytocin and vasopressin? Select all correct answers.

Oxytocin and vasopressin are neuropeptides, derived from a common ancestor, with effects regulating parenting and social behavior correct incorrect

Genetic analysis has identified point mutations that show that vasopressin has a major role in altering affiliative behavior correct incorrect

Sequence differences in oxytocin and vasopressin between prairie and meadow voles confirm that these molecules control monogamous behavior correct incorrect

Oxytocin and vasopressin regulate salt concentration and blood pressure as well as reproductive and parenting behavior correct incorrect

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How does genetic variation contribute to unfaithful behavior? Select all correct answers.

Infidelity can be attributed to mutations in genes encoding oxytocin or vasopressin, or in mutations for the receptors of these neuropeptides correct incorrect

Infidelity is not a heritable trait so genetic variants make no contribution correct incorrect

In mammals, infidelity is partly heritable and has a polygenic basis correct incorrect

Genetic variation at the receptor for vasopressin (Avpr1a) produces variation in memory regions, and this in turn influences space use and sexual fidelity correct incorrect

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Does nest building have a genetic basis? Select all correct answers.

Nest building behavior cannot be mapped because of difficulties associated with measuring the phenotype correct incorrect

Genetic loci influencing nest building in deer mice have been mapped to a small number of chromosomal regions correct incorrect

Nest building has a polygenic basis correct incorrect

Genes underlying nest building have been identified, confirming that the trait is highly heritable correct incorrect

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What are the origins of eusociality? Select all correct answers.

Eusociality arose through different genetic mechanisms in different species correct incorrect

Since environmental cues determine the caste of the many insects (such as queens in ant and bee colonies), genes play no important role eusociality correct incorrect

Both genetic and environmental variation contribute to eusocial behaviors correct incorrect

Reproductive asymmetry, involving alterations in the gene for ILP2, was the start of a path that led to the creation of obligate reproductive queens and the appearance of sterile workers ineusocial species correct incorrect

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What is a supergene? Select all correct answers.

A supergene is one in which a mutation has profound effect on the physiology and behavior of an animal correct incorrect

A supergene refers to a cluster of linked genetic variants that are not separated by recombination correct incorrect

Supergenes are the set of transcription factors that control the regulation of genes involved in physiology and behavior correct incorrect

A supergene is a single allele on one long haplotype, that marshals the joint effect of many loci to modify behavior correct incorrect

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What does the analysis of non-model organisms tell us about how genes influence behavior? Select all correct answers.

It has identified genetic mechanisms that cannot be found in classical model organisms correct incorrect

It demonstrates the dominance of polygenicity across a broad swathe of animal behavior correct incorrect

It may lead to the identification of rare experiments of nature, in which a large genetic effect contributes to behavioral variation correct incorrect

The information obtained from non-model organisms has up-ended our view of how genes influence behavior correct incorrect