Chapter 18 Multiple choice questions

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What is geotaxis? Select correct answer.

A term to describe how animals navigate correct incorrect

Movement along the earth's axis correct incorrect

Movement in response to a gravitational field correct incorrect

Movement towards gravity correct incorrect

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How many chromosomes do fruit flies have? Select correct answer.

As many as mice correct incorrect

Four correct incorrect

Three less than humans correct incorrect

Three correct incorrect

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What do selection experiments on geotaxis show? Select all correct answers.

They prove that geotaxis is under the influence of a Mendelian segregating mutation correct incorrect

They show that geotaxis is heritable correct incorrect

They show that geotaxis is polygenic correct incorrect

They identify the genes involved in geotaxis correct incorrect

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How can a DNA microarray be used to identify genes involved in a complex trait? Select all correct answers.

Microarrays identify differentially expressed genes that are candidates for further testing as causally related to behavior correct incorrect

Microarrays identify sequence variants within genes that are causally related to behavior correct incorrect

Microarrays can interrogate gene expression, which is a surrogate for the analysis of DNA variants involved in behavior correct incorrect

Microarrays test gene expression of candidate genes for behavior correct incorrect

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What lessons does the identification of genes involved in geotaxis teach about how genes influence behavior? Select all correct answers.

The known function of a gene does not necessarily predict that it has a role in behavior correct incorrect

Genetic effects on behavior are pleiotropic correct incorrect

Only three genes contribute to behavioral variation in geotaxis correct incorrect

The specificity of genetic action on a behavior can arise from modest alterations in many, often widely acting genes correct incorrect

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What does genetic analysis of aggression reveal about how genes influence behavior? Select all correct answers.

Behavior can be significantly and specifically altered by genes that are neither dedicated to that behavior, nor restricted in their action correct incorrect

Behavioral variation can arise from the action of multiple independently acting loci correct incorrect

The genetic basis of aggression is fundamentally different from that of other behaviors correct incorrect

Aggression can be due to the action of a small number of genes correct incorrect

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What is known about the small nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans? Select correct answer.

C. elegans's main food stuff in the laboratory is the bacterium Escherichia coli correct incorrect

C. elegans is too small to see with the naked eye correct incorrect

There are two sexes of C.elegans: males and females correct incorrect

The nervous systems of the two sexes is identical correct incorrect

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Why did Sydney Brenner choose to characterize the connectome of a small nematode worm? Select all correct answers.

The nervous system of the worm is built according to the same principles as the mammalian system, but is vastly simpler, so more tractable to experimental dissection correct incorrect

With just 300 highly connected neurons, each in the same position in every worm, nematode worms are a relatively simple model organism for the analysis of behavior correct incorrect

The simple nervous system, combined with the ability to mutagenize the animals, made worms an ideal system for understanding how genes influenced behavior correct incorrect

Worms posses a genome equivalent in size to that found in mammals, providing a perfect target for mutagenesis correct incorrect

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What can a worm learn? Select all correct answers.

Nothing of consequence correct incorrect

Their behavioral repertoire is no better than that of a sea slug correct incorrect

They are able to perform operant conditioning correct incorrect

They are able to carry out tasks that require associative learning correct incorrect

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Is the genetic architecture of behavior in worms fundamentally different from that of mammals? Select all correct answers.

The genetic architecture of behavior in worms and mammals has many features in common correct incorrect

Unlike mammals, there is evidence that balancing selection results in an architecture where a small number of alleles of large effect influence foraging behavior correct incorrect

Unlike mammals, a single gene controls each behavior in a worm correct incorrect

Genetic effects in worms may act on pathways that determine behavioral outcomes in ways completely unknown in mammals correct incorrect

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How similar is the genetic architecture of behavior in worms and flies? Select all correct answers.

Behavior in both flies and worms can have a polygenic architecture correct incorrect

The type of genetic architecture underlying behavior in flies and worms depends on selective pressures correct incorrect

Homologous genes can influence homologous pathways and behavior in flies and worms correct incorrect

A small number of highly penetrant mutations affecting behavior have been found in flies and in worms correct incorrect