Chapter 14 Multiple choice questions

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How are genes and environment thought to interact? Select all correct answers.

They always act independently correct incorrect

Environmental effects may depend on the genetic constitution of an organism correct incorrect

Genetic effects may depend on the environment in which an organism finds itself correct incorrect

Genes and environment can interact via two mechanisms: genetic control of sensitivity to the environment and genetic control of exposure to the environment correct incorrect

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What examples do we have of gene by environment interaction as a cause of psychiatric disease? Select all correct answers.

An interaction is known between stress and a polymorphism at the serotonin transporter gene in the etiology of depression correct incorrect

Twin studies show that in the presence of stress the genetic risk of developing depression is increased correct incorrect

Risk loci for depression show mixed effects, some observable in conditions of stress and others only observable in the absence of adversity correct incorrect

Gene by environment effects have been documented for the majority of psychiatric diseases correct incorrect

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Are stressful life events heritable? Select correct answer.

Yes, but only a bit correct incorrect

Yes, substantially correct incorrect

No, not at all correct incorrect

Yes, but it depends on the environmental context correct incorrect

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What is known about the heritable environment? Select all correct answers.

Social support is heritable correct incorrect

Our choice of friends is heritable correct incorrect

Our chance of winning the lottery is heritable correct incorrect

Genetic effects on exposure to adverse environmental experiences are widespread correct incorrect

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What causes what? Select all correct answers.

Pregnancy stops drug abuse correct incorrect

Genetic risk to psychosis causes poor school performance correct incorrect

The risk for schizophrenia is driven primarily by low intelligence correct incorrect

Poor school performance increases the risk of depression correct incorrect

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What are indirect genetic effects? Select correct answer.

Indirect genetic effects are those that act via the environment to alter behavior correct incorrect

Indirect genetic effects are those that operate by epigenetic mechanisms correct incorrect

Indirect genetic effects are those attributable to genetic variants in the genomes of those around us correct incorrect

Indirect genetic effects are those attributable to epistatic interactions correct incorrect

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How important are indirect genetic effects? Select correct answer.

The effects are so small they can be ignored correct incorrect

About 5% of heritable variation correct incorrect

About 10% of heritable variation correct incorrect

As much as half the heritability of a trait correct incorrect