Chapter 13 Multiple choice questions

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How can we find out whether a set of genetic risk factors impacts on only one or many behavioral disorders? Select all correct answers.

Identify sets of twins where one twin has one disorder and the other has a different disorder correct incorrect

Examine the correlation between disorders in a population correct incorrect

Estimate genetic correlations between disorders using twin studies in which multiple disorders have been assessed correct incorrect

Use polygenic scores to predict disorders in large well phenotyped and genotyped cohorts correct incorrect

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How do genetic effects act across diseases? Select correct answer.

There is evidence for a combination of specific and non- specific genetic action correct incorrect

Each disease has its own discrete set of genetic risk factors correct incorrect

Genetic effects always act indiscriminately across multiple traits correct incorrect

There is as yet no way to determine whether genetic effects are specific or not correct incorrect

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Has molecular data added much to what we know about the relationship between psychiatric diseases and between psychiatric disease and other traits? Select all correct answers.

Known relationships between personality and mood disorder have been confirmed, while other unexpected relationships have been uncovered correct incorrect

The findings contradict those established by decades of family, twin and adoption studies correct incorrect

Molecular analysis reveals a substantial and unexpected correlation between many psychiatric disorders that have traditionally been seen as independent correct incorrect

Molecular findings have added nothing of consequence to what was already known correct incorrect

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What is Mendelian randomization? Select all correct answers.

A method of linkage mapping that uses segregation within pedigrees to determine the relationship between two traits correct incorrect

A method to determine whether a correlation between two variables is causal or not correct incorrect

A method that uses genetic data to disentangle pathways linking different variables correct incorrect

A method for resolving causal relationships that does not perform well in the presence of pleiotropy correct incorrect

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Do genetic effects differ by sex? Select all correct answers.

Genes can influence a phenotype in one sex but are silent in the other correct incorrect

Depression shows a difference in the way genetic effects operate between the sexes correct incorrect

Alcohol use disorder shows a difference in the way genetic effects operate between the sexes correct incorrect

Sex differences in the prevalence of autism can be attributed to variants on the X chromosome correct incorrect

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What has been shown for the specificity for the genetic action on disease? Select all correct answers.

Genes ignore diagnostic boundaries correct incorrect

Genetic effects differ by age correct incorrect

Genetic effects differ by sex correct incorrect

Genetic effects differ by developmental stage correct incorrect