Chapter 12 Multiple choice questions

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How much of your genome is human? Select correct answer.

All of it correct incorrect

99.99% correct incorrect

90% correct incorrect

Somewhere between 94% and 99% correct incorrect

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What is intelligence? Select all correct answers.

Something that can only be measured by the WAIS IQ test correct incorrect

An poorly defined construct that has little or no scientific value correct incorrect

A feature that can be extracted from the WAIS, which is otherwise known as general cognitive ability, or 'g' correct incorrect

A population and temporal specific measure correct incorrect

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How heritable is IQ? Select correct answer.

Not at all correct incorrect

About 50% heritable correct incorrect

About 80% heritable correct incorrect

About 10% heritable correct incorrect

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What have twin and family studies told us about factors that contribute to someone's IQ? Select correct answer.

The heritability of IQ is larger in children than in adults correct incorrect

The type of education children receive makes a very big impact on their IQ correct incorrect

Children adopted into improved socioeconomic circumstances show an increase of about 3 IQ points correct incorrect

The genetic effects on ability in mathematics do not correlate with genetic effects on language ability correct incorrect

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How many genetic loci are known to contribute to intelligence? Select correct answer.

10 correct incorrect

100 correct incorrect

More than 1,000 correct incorrect

A million correct incorrect

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What lessons do GWAS findings have for the biology of intelligence? Select all correct answers.

IQ is highly polygenic correct incorrect

The genetic basis of IQ is highly correlated with psychiatric disorders correct incorrect

More years at school are associated with a decreased risk for some psychiatric disorders correct incorrect

IQ and educational attainment are negatively correlated correct incorrect

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What is the use of a polygenic score derived from a GWAS of educational attainment? Select all correct answers.

Polygenic scores are no use at all, unless you have a sample of tens of thousands of individuals correct incorrect

Polygenic scores can be used to accurately predict the IQ of an unborn child correct incorrect

Polygenic scores can demonstrate that increasing years of education improves health correct incorrect

Polygenic scores can be deployed to argue against the importance of genetic determinism correct incorrect

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How can personality be assessed? Select all correct answers.

Only by in depth personal interview, undertaken on multiple occasions to take into account contextual variation correct incorrect

By a short self-administered questionnaire that reports five different personality factors correct incorrect

By a 94 item self-administered questionnaire that reports three personality factors correct incorrect

As part of the WAIS assessment of cognitive function correct incorrect

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How heritable is personality? Select all correct answers.

There is marked difference between the different types of personality, with some showing no heritability at all and others very high levels of heritability correct incorrect

Personality is too complex to assess and is entirely shaped by the environment, such as the family in which someone grew up correct incorrect

Personality factors typically have a heritability of about 40% correct incorrect

Between one-third and one-half of the differences between people in their personality come from differences in their genes correct incorrect

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What are the major factors that shape our personality? Select all correct answers.

Our parents correct incorrect

The schools we attend correct incorrect

Our genetic inheritance correct incorrect

Those environmental effects that make us different from our siblings correct incorrect

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What have molecular genetic analyses of personality found? Select all correct answers.

They confirm that personality is moderately heritable correct incorrect

They have identified a large number of genes, mostly expressed in the brain, that are involved in personality correct incorrect

They show that personality is high polygenic correct incorrect

They identify some genetic loci that lie within inversion polymorphisms correct incorrect

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What are personality disorders? Select all correct answers.

They represent the extremes of personality factors obtained from personality questionnaires correct incorrect

They are mild forms of psychiatric illness correct incorrect

They are features that a person has, recognized by a trained interviewer, consistent with criteria laid out in diagnostic manuals correct incorrect

They are stable and typically dysfunctional features of a person, often reflecting problems in the structure of the 'self' and/or in patterns of interpersonal relationships correct incorrect

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What do we know about the genetic basis of personality disorders? Select all correct answers.

Genetic differences are not responsible for the differences in frequency of antisocial personality disorder in males and females correct incorrect

Genetic effects on personality disorders differ between generations (an example of a gene by cohort interaction) correct incorrect

There is little genetic relationship between schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder correct incorrect

Data from GWAS are broadly consistent with the family and adoption findings in supporting the schizophrenia spectrum concept correct incorrect

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What are the three laws of behavior genetics? Select correct answer.

All human behavioral traits are heritable correct incorrect

The environment always interacts with genes to shape behaviour correct incorrect

The shared environment is more important than the non-shared environment correct incorrect

Genetic effects are always about as important as environmental effects correct incorrect