Chapter 5 Self-test questions

. What started the 'third wave' of democratization according to Huntington (1991)?

The collapse of Portugal's authoritarian regime in 1974.

The fall of Saddam Hussein's dictatorship in Iraq in 2003.

The end of the Argentinian military regime in 1983.

The end of Jaruzelski's military government in Poland in 1989.

. What is one of the problems with the hypothesis that a higher level of development requires a more developed middle class?

The middle classes do not tend to challenge the status quo.

There are many examples where the middle class does not seem to have played a role in the move to democratization (e.g. the 'Arab Spring').

Historically, Russia did not have a well-developed middle class.

Small businessmen have played a key role in the refashioning of democracy in Turkey since 2002.

. 'Transitology' is…

The study of migrant cultures.

The study of transition economies.

The study of the process of democratization usually sparked by a crisis event.

All of the above.

. An example of a successful 'pacted' approach to democratization is...

Venezuela in 1958 when the leaders of the main political parties signed the pact of Punto Fijo.

South Africa, from the late 1980s to 1994.

Poland in 1989.

All of the above.

. The key principle of a 'monitory democracy' is…

Only individuals with lots of money are eligible to stand as candidates for public office.

Elected governments, politicians and political parties are held accountable for their actions.

Citizens have a direct say in which laws are passed, often through referendum.

Free and fair elections.

. Which of the following is one of the institutions required for a polyarchy?

Freedom of expression.

A rule of law.

Civilian control of the armed forces.

All of the above.

. What is the main criticism of indexes such as Freedom House?

They have to be updated every year to match changes in government and so on.

Such indexes may be seen to be pushing a Western model of democracy on the rest of the world.

They are secretly controlled by the CIA.

They only measure freedom of expression.

. How does IDEA attempt to promote democracy?

By providing a checklist for possible routes to democracy.

By funding campaigns against corruption.

By encouraging democracy activists in individual countries to come up with their own recommendations for democratic reform.

Answers a and c.

. Confucian political culture…

Practices a form of elitism.

Is highly incompatible with democracy.

Places great emphasis on the individual.

All of the above.

. One factor that contributed to PRI's long reign in Mexico was…

That it banned elections.

That it restricted freedom of speech.

That it executed those who spoke out against it.

That it offered patronage to those who voted for it.

Chapter 5 Self-test questions

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