Assessment Questions 5.6

The genomes reconstructed from Neandertal bones show similarities to the genome of modern humans, indicating interbreeding. Approximately 1%—3% of the modern human genome is traced back to Neandertal populations, and evidence suggests that interbreeding was not rare.

Denisovans represent a distinct group in the human genealogy, diverging from a common root of premodern humans. Evidence of interbreeding between Neandertals and Denisovans is highlighted, and Denisovans are found to be more similar to Neandertals than to anatomically modern humans.

Anatomically modern humans are credited with a more sophisticated lithic technology, particularly the production of blade tools, which are considered more advanced due to their efficiency and greater usability compared to premodern technologies. The use of pressure flaking is also highlighted as a precision tool-making method.