Assessment Questions 2.1

1. What distinguishes the hallmark of science, and how does science remain open-minded to new ideas and data?

The hallmark of science lies in its open-mindedness to new data and ideas, constant testing, probing, reassessment, and revision. It accepts surprising and unexpected data and explanations.

2. What is a hypothesis, and how do scientists, including paleoanthropologists and archaeologists, use it in their research?

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon, derived from empirical observation. Scientists use hypotheses to generalize and test predictions based on observed data.

3. Why does studying the human past pose unique challenges for archaeologists and paleoanthropologists, and what factors do they need to consider in their interpretations?

Studying the human past involves examining ancient, elusive, and rare data that span distant time periods. Interpretations must transcend temporal and cultural biases, recognizing them as approximations subject to refinement based on new data and perspectives.