Assessment Questions 13.1

1. Apart from the Inka, which pre-Hispanic South American civilization is mentioned, and what cultural complexity did they exhibit?

The Moche civilization on Peru's northern coast is mentioned. They exhibited cultural complexity characterized by archaeological evidence of wealth concentration and control in the hands of a small portion of their population.

2. What were some characteristics of the Moche culture, and when did they reach their peak?

The Moche culture, located on Peru's northern coast, developed about 1,700 years ago. They had stepped pyramids, hilltop forts, unique pottery styles, and elaborate burials. The Moche reached their peak at around 400 C.E.

3. Describe the monumental works and achievements of the Moche state, including their capital and its features.

The Moche state, with its capital beginning construction around 100 C.E., constructed enormous monumental works, including the Pyramid of the Sun (Huaca del Sol). This pyramid was built in eight phases, over 40 meters high, covering an area of more than 54,000 m2. They oversaw a trading network, brought in precious raw materials, and had a large-scale irrigation system of canals and aqueducts.