Assessment Questions 10.12

1. What are the two broad categories used to explain the development of complex state societies in the passage?

The two broad categories are conflict models and integration models.

2. According to conflict models, what is the key factor that leads to the development of complex civilizations?

Conflict models propose that the development starts with the advent of agriculture, leading to a surplus, private wealth, socioeconomic classes, and ultimately, conflict.

3. What is the role of a bureaucracy in conflict models?

A bureaucracy emerges as an organizational solution to conflicts, validating social classes and mediating conflicts between them.