Chapter 9 Student Quiz

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. Which of the following cultures is associated with small Neolithic villages where people grew wheat, barley, peas, and lentils?

Olmec correct incorrect

Chavin correct incorrect

Poverty Point correct incorrect

Hassunan correct incorrect

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. Which of the following was a ceremonial site with rings of enormous, carved stones and T-shaped pillars dating from around 11,600 years ago?

Çatalhöyük correct incorrect

Stonehenge correct incorrect

Poverty Point correct incorrect

GöbekliTepe correct incorrect

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. Based on the archaeological evidence, which of the following statements is generally true about the relationship between agriculture and early complex societies?

agriculture produces a food surplus that may be stored and used in support of increased social complexity. correct incorrect

the production of surplus food through intensive agriculture is a prerequisite for the development of complex societies. correct incorrect

agricultural production invariably leads to the development of complex societies, just as social complexity leads to the inevitable adoption of agriculture. correct incorrect

the earliest complex societies throughout the world developed thousands of years before agriculture, demonstrating that there is no relationship between agriculture and early complex societies. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following cultures produced jade sculptures and carved huge basalt boulders into the form of human heads?

Olmec correct incorrect

Chavin correct incorrect

Poverty Point correct incorrect

Hassunan correct incorrect

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. Which of the following was a town that dates from as early as 9,000 years ago, reaching a population of around 8,000 over 1,200 years?

Çatalhöyük correct incorrect

GöbekliTepe correct incorrect

Chavín de Huántar correct incorrect

La Venta correct incorrect

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. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is known as ___________; it is located in present-day __________.

the Levant; Israel and Syria correct incorrect

Mesoamerica; Iran correct incorrect

Mesopotamia; Iraq correct incorrect

the Middle East; southeast Asia correct incorrect

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. Hassunan and Samarran sites are located in ___________; the residents of both relied on ________.

Mesopotamia; agriculture correct incorrect

Mesoamerica; rare luxury items correct incorrect

the Norte Chico region of coastal Peru; trade networks correct incorrect

Egypt; fishing, hunting, gathering wild plant foods, and agriculture correct incorrect

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. Which of the following was the largest and one of the earliest Regal-Ritual Centers of the Olmec?

Caral correct incorrect

Chavín de Huántar correct incorrect

San Lorenzo correct incorrect

ChogaMami correct incorrect

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. In some ___________ villages, round buildings known as __________ may have initially been used for communal storage.

Hassunan; megaliths correct incorrect

Samarran; circle monuments correct incorrect

Halafian; tholoi correct incorrect

Olmec; tholoi correct incorrect

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. Stonehenge was built around ______________ years ago; recent archaeological research has revealed that it was a _________.

6,500 to 5,500; Mesolithic monument and the ritual center of an ancient city state correct incorrect

4,500 to 3,500; megalithic temple and altar for the Druids and Celtic people correct incorrect

5,000 to 4,000; sacred monument of ritual, burial, and pilgrimage to the Neolithic people of southern England correct incorrect

4,000 to 2,500; celestial observatory and solar calendar for the Neolithic farmers of England correct incorrect

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. Which of the following cultures did not have domesticates or agriculture, but built monuments?

Olmec correct incorrect

Chavin correct incorrect

Poverty Point correct incorrect

Hassunan correct incorrect

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. Recent research has revealed that the builders of Stonehenge lived and feasted around two miles away, at a place called ________________.

Caral correct incorrect

Poverty Point correct incorrect

Durrington Walls correct incorrect

Avebury correct incorrect

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. The sites of Laguna de los Cerros, La Venta, and San Lorenzo are associated with which culture?

Olmec correct incorrect

Chavin correct incorrect

Poverty Point correct incorrect

Hassunan correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is usually evidence of a complex society?

monumental works correct incorrect

burials with grave goods correct incorrect

the remains of houses or other dwellings correct incorrect

large amounts of pottery sherds and stone tools correct incorrect

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. Which of the following was a Samarran site with evidence of canal building?

Caral correct incorrect

Chavín de Huántar correct incorrect

San Lorenzo correct incorrect

ChogaMami correct incorrect

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. The construction of large-scale features, such as monuments and mounds, is often regarded by archaeologists as evidence of:

the use of enslaved labor. correct incorrect

social and political complexity. correct incorrect

a Mesolithic tradition. correct incorrect

the shift from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following sites provide evidence in arguing against the hypothesis that social complexity is always preceded by the production of agricultural surpluses?

Stonehenge and Caral correct incorrect

Catalhoyuk and GobekliTepe correct incorrect

GobekliTepe and Poverty Point correct incorrect

Catalhoyuk and La Venta correct incorrect

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. Why is Catalhoyuk in central Turkey not thought to be a city?

There were no palaces, public architecture, and little evidence for status differentiation in the architecture of the different houses. correct incorrect

There was no evidence for food storage, domesticated animals, or buildings. correct incorrect

There were no works of art, rituals, or activities associated with cities. correct incorrect

There was no evidence for city planning, ritual feasts, or roads. correct incorrect

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. The upright stones at Stonehenge are called _______; the horizontal stones are _________.

sarsens, lintels correct incorrect

trilithons, stelae correct incorrect

trilithons, arches correct incorrect

columns, tholoi correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is characterized by social ranking and political integration?

foraging band correct incorrect

tribe correct incorrect

chiefdom correct incorrect

egalitarian society correct incorrect

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. Which of the following was the capital of a complex society in western South America more than 4,500 years ago, with an enormous flat-topped pyramid known as Pirámide Mayor?

Caral correct incorrect

Chavín de Huántar correct incorrect

San Lorenzo correct incorrect

ChogaMami correct incorrect

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. Which of the following contribute to societies becoming more complex?

Surplus food stored in large, collective facilities correct incorrect

Crop irrigation requiring the construction of dams or canals correct incorrect

Sedentary communities in need of defense correct incorrect

All of the above correct incorrect

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. What is believed to be one of the primary reasons for the development of a complex society at Caral in South America?

military conquest and the need to control extensive territories correct incorrect

the construction of canals for irrigation correct incorrect

the need to manage the storage of agricultural surpluses in granaries correct incorrect

the construction of megalithic monuments and a defensive wall correct incorrect

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. The people who constructed GöbekliTepe, Watson Brake, and Poverty Point can be best described as:

Neolithic farmers correct incorrect

agriculturalists correct incorrect

affluent foragers correct incorrect

egalitarian cultures correct incorrect

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. The earliest known use of metals in South America dates to about ______ years ago; it involved the production of ______________.

1,200; small bronze bowls and knives correct incorrect

3,100; silver-gold alloys correct incorrect

5,100; bronze and tin artifacts correct incorrect

3,500; iron implements such as hoes correct incorrect

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. Of the following, which is the earliest example of the development of a complex society?

Jericho in Israel correct incorrect

Caral in Peru correct incorrect

Stonehenge in England correct incorrect

Olmec along the Gulf Coast correct incorrect

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. What do we know about the people who built Stonehenge based on the analysis of animal teeth from a nearby village?

They raised livestock at the site, including cattle, sheep, and goats. correct incorrect

They brought animals to the site from outside of the region. correct incorrect

They had no domesticated animals but hunted wild animals for meat. correct incorrect

They hunted antelope, gazelle, and bear. correct incorrect

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. Ethnographic evidence supports which of the following connections between surplus food and social complexity?

Only agriculturalists can produce the food surpluses necessary for economic inequality and social complexity. correct incorrect

Some resource-rich environments allow for the creation of surpluses that can lead to economic inequalities and social complexity. correct incorrect

Economic inequalities are the foundation of social complexity and entirely dependent on agriculture for the production of surplus food. correct incorrect

The production of surplus food is not important in the development of economic inequalities or social complexity. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following cultures had a unifying, religious iconography and art style that included gold objects and the depiction of felines and raptorial birds?

Olmec correct incorrect

Chavin correct incorrect

Poverty Point correct incorrect

Hassunan correct incorrect

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. What did the Olmec have in common that bound them together in different territories?

underlying religious beliefs, as seen in Olmec art and iconography correct incorrect

agricultural surpluses that led to the creation of economic inequalities correct incorrect

they spoke the same language and were related by kinship and marriage correct incorrect

a system of trade and exchange, as seen in tokens used as a form of money correct incorrect

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. How have archaeologists characterized the monuments built by the Olmec?

Neolithic monuments correct incorrect

megalithic tombs correct incorrect

centers for the storage of surplus food correct incorrect

regal-ritual centers correct incorrect

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. Which of the following sites has monumental earthworks with concentric ridges in a semicircle that date from around 3,500 years ago?

Çatalhöyük correct incorrect

Stonehenge correct incorrect

Poverty Point correct incorrect

GöbekliTepe correct incorrect