Chapter 5 Student Quiz

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. Neandertals appear to have evolved specialized adaptations to ____________. They died out soon after ___________ years ago.

hunting; 300,000 correct incorrect

living in caves; 800,000 correct incorrect

the Holocene; 10,000 correct incorrect

the Pleistocene; 40,000 correct incorrect

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. How do we know Neandertal children suffered more dietary deficiencies and physical stress than anatomically modern humans?

Paleopathological evidence such as Harris lines and enamel hypoplasia. correct incorrect

Neandertal crania show more evidence of microcephaly and heavy brow ridges. correct incorrect

Neandertal were more violent, less intelligent, and generally cared less for their children. correct incorrect

Paleopathological evidence such as musculoskeletal hypertrophy and masticatory hypoplasia. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following refers to horizontal cracks in tooth enamel, associated with malnutrition during physical development?

Musculoskeletal hypertrophy correct incorrect

Enamel hypoplasia correct incorrect

Masticatory complex correct incorrect

Harris lines correct incorrect

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. Which of the following lithic technologies involved greater efficiency, required more forethought in preparing a core, and is considered more advanced or sophisticated?

handaxes correct incorrect

blade tools correct incorrect

choppers correct incorrect

Levallois flakes correct incorrect

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. Based on the available evidence, where did pressure flaking and blade tools first originate?

Europe correct incorrect

Asia correct incorrect

Africa correct incorrect

Israel correct incorrect

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. Which of the following refers to longitudinal cracks at the ends of long bones, indicating dietary stress during physical development?

Musculoskeletal hypertrophy correct incorrect

Enamel hypoplasia correct incorrect

Masticatory complex correct incorrect

Harris lines correct incorrect

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. The stone-tool assemblage at Klasies River Mouth on the coast of South Africa is associated with the:

Middle Stone Age correct incorrect

Acheulean tradition correct incorrect

Aurignacian tradition correct incorrect

Oldowan tradition correct incorrect

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. Stone tool assemblages from L'Arbreda Cave in eastern Spain, El Castillo Cave in northern Spain, and BachoKiro Cave in Bulgaria are associated with the:

Middle Stone Age correct incorrect

Acheulean tradition correct incorrect

Aurignacian tradition correct incorrect

Oldowan tradition correct incorrect

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. In contrast to anatomically modern humans, premodern or archaic Homo sapienfossils are generally characterized by:

heavier brow ridges and a larger mean cranial capacity. correct incorrect

heavier brow ridges and a more massive masticatory complex. correct incorrect

heavier brow ridges, but a much smaller masticatory complex. correct incorrect

smaller brow ridges and a smaller masticatory complex. correct incorrect

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. Which is the correct chronological order for the following tool traditions, from oldest or earliest, to youngest (more recent)?

Oldowan, Aurignacian, Mousterian, Acheulean. correct incorrect

Mousterian, Oldowan, Acheulean, Aurignacian. correct incorrect

Oldowan, Acheulean, Mousterian, Aurignacian. correct incorrect

Acheulean, Oldowan, Aurignacian, Mousterian. correct incorrect

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. In comparison to modern humans, the greater size and robustness of muscle attachments on the bones of Neandertals can be described as:

Musculoskeletal hypertrophy correct incorrect

Enamel hypoplasia correct incorrect

Masticatory complex correct incorrect

Harris lines correct incorrect

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. Based on the fossil evidence, how long ago were premodern or archaic Homo sapiens living?

800,000 to 300,000 years ago. correct incorrect

600,000 to 30,000 years ago. correct incorrect

400,000 to 100,000 years ago. correct incorrect

100,000 to 10,000 years ago. correct incorrect

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. The mean cranial capacity for Neandertals was ___________, while the mean cranial capacity for modern humans is ___________.

660 cc; 1280 cc correct incorrect

1100 cc; 2200 cc correct incorrect

1480 cc; 1450 cc correct incorrect

1550 cc; 1360 cc correct incorrect

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. Which species has a proportionally larger brain based on the ratio of brain size to body size?

Homo erectus correct incorrect

premodernHomo sapiens correct incorrect

Neandertals correct incorrect

modern Homo sapiens correct incorrect

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. Levallois technology involved a shift in emphasis from the production of:

core tools to flake tools. correct incorrect

core tools to pottery. correct incorrect

spear points to arrowheads. correct incorrect

hand axes to core tools. correct incorrect

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. In what way were Neandertals physically different from modern Homo sapiens?

Neandertals were taller and had more postcranial bones. correct incorrect

Neandertals had much smaller brains and larger noses. correct incorrect

Neandertals had wider, squat torsos and short extremities. correct incorrect

Neandertals were shorter, but had proportionately longer arms. correct incorrect

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. Which tool technology is associated with anatomically modern Homo sapiens?

Oldowan correct incorrect

Acheulean correct incorrect

Mousterian correct incorrect

Aurignacian correct incorrect

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. Which tool technology is most closely associated with Neandertals?

Oldowan correct incorrect

Acheulean correct incorrect

Mousterian correct incorrect

Aurignacian correct incorrect

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. How can Aurignacian tool technology be distinguished from Oldowan, Acheulean and Mousterian traditions?

It involved the use of wood and stone to make more durable tools. correct incorrect

It involved fewer steps and produced more versatile tools. correct incorrect

It involved more steps and produced more usable, sharp edges. correct incorrect

It involved less time and effort than other lithic technologies. correct incorrect

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. In contrast to premodernHomo sapiens and Neandertals, what was a key factor in the survival and evolutionary success of anatomically modern humans?

the controlled use of fire and production of stone tools. correct incorrect

the production of art and ability to communicate. correct incorrect

the ability to hunt larger animals. correct incorrect

the capacity for cultural adaptations. correct incorrect

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. Recent genomic analyses of Neandertals and modern humans indicate:

between 1% and 3% of the genome of modern humans with European and Asian ancestry originated from Neandertal populations. correct incorrect

between 3% and 5% of the genome of modern humans with African ancestry originated from Neandertal populations. correct incorrect

anatomically modern humans throughout the world share approximately 10% of their genome with Neandertal populations. correct incorrect

no evidence of a shared genetic ancestry between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans. correct incorrect

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. Recent genomic analyses of Neandertals and modern humans indicate:

the shared genome of Neandertals and modern humans in Africa and Asia is evidence of interbreeding. correct incorrect

the shared genome of Neandertals and modern humans with European and Asian ancestry is evidence of interbreeding. correct incorrect

modern humans displaced Neandertal populations without interbreeding. correct incorrect

Neandertals became extinct in Europe before the arrival of modern humans. correct incorrect

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. For which of the following is there evidence for Neandertals?

adornment with pendants and necklaces. correct incorrect

burial of the dead. correct incorrect

the production and use of complex stone tools. correct incorrect

All of the above. correct incorrect

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. How did Aurignacian technology differ from Mousterian technology?

Aurignacian technology produced more usable blade surface. correct incorrect

Aurignacian technology was more focused on the production of hand axes. correct incorrect

Aurignacian technology was far simpler and easier to reproduce. correct incorrect

Aurignacian technology produced fewer tools than Mousterian technology. correct incorrect

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. Which "hybridized" lithic technology has much in common with the Mousterian tradition but differs in the addition of long, thin blade tools?

Aurignacian correct incorrect

Acheulean correct incorrect

Oldowan correct incorrect

Châtelperronian correct incorrect

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. Which of the following refers to a stone-tool technology involving the production of consistently shaped flakes from carefully prepared cores?

Aurignacian correct incorrect

Levallois correct incorrect

Oldowan correct incorrect

Acheulean correct incorrect

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. Why are Neandertals a relatively better-known species of premodern humans?

Neanderthal lived in Europe and most early paleoanthropologists also lived in Europe. correct incorrect

Neanderthal lived throughout Europe, Africa and Asia, so more Neandertal fossils have been recovered. correct incorrect

Neandertals used caves extensively, and archaeological remains generally preserve better in caves. correct incorrect

Both a and c. correct incorrect

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. The Omo I cranium discovered along the Omo River in southern Ethiopia demonstrates:

the evolution of anatomically modern humans from premodern species by at least 195,000 years ago. correct incorrect

the simultaneous evolution of anatomically modern humans between 100,000 and 200,000 years ago in Africa and Europe. correct incorrect

the development of a larger brain prior to the first evidence for tool making. correct incorrect

Homo sapiens replaced Neandertals around 200,000 years ago. correct incorrect

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. There is general consensus among paleoanthropologists that anatomically modern humans:

migrated out of Africa into western Europe between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago and then spread into Asia, Australia, and the Americas. correct incorrect

evolved independently in Asia between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago, then migrated into Africa, Europe, and Australia. correct incorrect

evolved independently and simultaneously in Africa and Europe between 100,000 and 200,000 years ago, then migrated into Asia. correct incorrect

evolved independently in Africa and migrated into southwest Asia between 120,000 and 190,000 years ago. correct incorrect

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. When anatomically modern humans first arrived in the Middle East, who did they encounter?

Homo erectus, the evolutionary descendants of the premodern human inhabitants of Europe and Asia. correct incorrect

Neandertals, the evolutionary descendants of the premodern human inhabitants of Europe and Asia. correct incorrect

Homo sapiens, who had evolved independently in Asia and arrived there by 200,000 years ago. correct incorrect

All of the above. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is evidence for interbreeding between anatomically modern humans and Neandertals?

The skeletal remains of modern humans and Neandertals have been found together in cave shelters in South Africa. correct incorrect

All modern human populations share a major percentage of their genome with Neandertals. correct incorrect

A small but significant percentage of the genome of Neandertals is found in anatomically modern humans who trace their ancestry to Africa. correct incorrect

A small but significant percentage of the genome of modern humans who trace their ancestry to Europe and Asia originated with Neandertals. correct incorrect

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. What is the evidence that gene flow between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans occurred after modern humans migrated out of Africa?

modern humans with European ancestry share less of the Neandertal genome than other populations. correct incorrect

modern humans with recent African ancestry do not share Neandertal DNA correct incorrect

modern humans with Asian ancestry are genetically the most similar to Neandertal, while all other humans share between 1% and 3% of the Neandertal genome. correct incorrect

modern humans with recent African ancestry are genetically the most similar to Neandertal, while all other humans share less of the Neandertal genome. correct incorrect

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. Analysis of the Denisovan, Neandertal, and modern human genomes indicates:

Neandertals and Denisovans diverged from a common population of premodern humans. correct incorrect

Neandertals and modern humans are more similar to one another than either is to Denisovans. correct incorrect

Neandertals and Denisovans are more similar to one another than either is to anatomically modern humans. correct incorrect

both a and c. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following appears to be a hybridization of Neandertal and modern human stone tool technologies?

Mousterian correct incorrect

Levallois correct incorrect

Aurignacian correct incorrect

Châtelperronian correct incorrect

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. The earliest evidence for the expansion of anatomically modern Homo sapiens out of Africa is found in _________ and dates ___________.

western Europe; between 30,000 and 75,000 years ago. correct incorrect

the Middle East; between 120,000 and 190,000 years ago. correct incorrect

China; between 750,000 and 1 million years ago. correct incorrect

Israel; more than 1.25 million years ago. correct incorrect

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. The evolutionary success and geographic expansion of modern Homo sapiens can be attributed to:

bipedalism, decreased violence, and the survival of the fittest. correct incorrect

increased body size, greater strength, and more successful hunting. correct incorrect

sophisticated tools, working cooperatively, and reliance on intelligence. correct incorrect

all of the above. correct incorrect

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. The oldest fossil remains of anatomically modern Homo sapiens have been found in:

Africa and Europe. correct incorrect

western Europe. correct incorrect

Asia. correct incorrect

Africa. correct incorrect

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. The oldest fossil remains of anatomically modern Homo sapiens date between:

30,000 and 150,000 years ago. correct incorrect

195,000 and 300,000 years ago. correct incorrect

200,000 and 550,000 years ago. correct incorrect

350,000 and 750,000 years ago. correct incorrect

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. Anatomically modern Homo sapiens lived at the same time as, and probably encountered which species?

Neandertals. correct incorrect

Denisovans. correct incorrect

Homo habilis. correct incorrect

both a and b. correct incorrect

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. DNA analysis of bones found in Denisova Cave indicate the Denisovans:

shared a common ancestor with modern Homo sapiens and Neandertal. correct incorrect

shared a common ancestor with Neandertal. correct incorrect

diverged from Neandertals sometime after 200,000 years ago. correct incorrect

were ancestral to all modern Homo sapiens. correct incorrect