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Return to The Past in Perspective: An Introduction to Human Prehistory 8e Student Resources
Chapter 4 Student Quiz
The Human Lineage
Quiz Content
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The possibility that Homo erectus may have created art is suggested by:
the larger size of their brains, with a mean brain size slightly larger than modern humans.
correct
incorrect
cave paintings and associated elaborate burials with grave goods.
correct
incorrect
rudimentary paintings in cave shelters throughout Europe.
correct
incorrect
their artistic production of stone tools.
correct
incorrect
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The ability of humans to live in different environments, from Arctic tundra to tropical forests, is made possible by:
intelligence and cultural adaptation.
correct
incorrect
the recent evolution of bipedalism and other physical characteristics, allowing for greater freedom of movement into a new geographic range.
correct
incorrect
the invention of stone tools, including spear points for hunting.
correct
incorrect
recent genetic changes represented by racial differences.
correct
incorrect
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Based on mounting evidence, human evolution can be best characterized as:
the gradual replacement of one hominin species by another, leading directly to modern humans.
correct
incorrect
the evolutionary progress of successive hominin species, inevitably leading to modern humans.
correct
incorrect
the conclusion of an evolutionary process that took more than 5 million years, beginning with increased brain size and intelligence.
correct
incorrect
a complex process involving multiple, contemporary, yet geographically separated hominins.
correct
incorrect
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In comparison to earlier hominins,
Homo erectus
is characterized by:
the controlled use of fire
correct
incorrect
a more sophisticated stone-tool technology.
correct
incorrect
a greater reliance on culture.
correct
incorrect
all of the above.
correct
incorrect
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Researchers working at the Gran Dolina site in the AtapuercaMountains of Spain have assigned the hominin fossils there to a new species, known as:
Homo erectus
correct
incorrect
Homo antecessor
correct
incorrect
Homo floresiensis
correct
incorrect
Homo naledi
correct
incorrect
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The
Homo erectus
fossil known as _________ is known to have been about 12 years old when he died, based on ___________.
Kamoya; a single fragment of cranium.
correct
incorrect
Turkana boy; Potassium Argon dating.
correct
incorrect
Nariokotome boy; height.
correct
incorrect
West Turkana boy; dentition.
correct
incorrect
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The hominin fossil nicknamed the "hobbit" is classified as __________. Based on several dating techniques, it dates _____________.
Homo erectus
; to more than 700,000 years ago.
correct
incorrect
Homo antecessor
; between 700,000 and 350,000 years ago.
correct
incorrect
Homo floresiensis
; between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago.
correct
incorrect
Homo naledi
; less than 30,000 years ago.
correct
incorrect
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Researchers working in the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star cave system in South Africa recently discovered a large number of hominin fossils that have been classified as a new species, known as:
Homo erectus
correct
incorrect
Homo antecessor
correct
incorrect
Homo floresiensis
correct
incorrect
Homo naledi
correct
incorrect
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The exterior surface of a core, usually removed in the process of stone-tool manufacturing, is known as the:
preform.
correct
incorrect
cortex.
correct
incorrect
calvarium.
correct
incorrect
occipital.
correct
incorrect
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Which cranial bone has larger areas for muscle attachments to support a larger, heavier skull?
the preform.
correct
incorrect
the cortex.
correct
incorrect
the calvarium.
correct
incorrect
the occipital.
correct
incorrect
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The Acheulean tradition is characterized by:
bifacially flaked, teardrop-shaped all-purpose hand axes.
correct
incorrect
small, teardrop- shaped arrowheads and stone beads.
correct
incorrect
the use of spearpoints and fishhooks for hunting and fishing.
correct
incorrect
heavy, unifacial stone choppers used to break open bone to extract marrow.
correct
incorrect
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The face of
Homo erectu
s was more ________ than modern humans, but less so than
Homo habilis
.
altricial
correct
incorrect
hairy
correct
incorrect
prognathous
correct
incorrect
occipital
correct
incorrect
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Homo floresiensis
from the island of Flores dates from around 35,000 to 14,000 years ago, and according to some researchers, is similar to or shares a common ancestor with:
Homo habilis
.
correct
incorrect
Homo erectus
.
correct
incorrect
Homo ergaster
.
correct
incorrect
Homo sapiens
.
correct
incorrect
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By at least 1.9 million years ago, the planet became much _____ and entered the ______:
hotter; Pleistocene epoch.
correct
incorrect
hotter; Miocene epoch.
correct
incorrect
colder; Holocene epoch.
correct
incorrect
colder; Pleistocene epoch.
correct
incorrect
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Homo erectus
differed from
Homo habilis
in which way?
Erectus had a larger brain.
correct
incorrect
Erectus had a smaller brain.
correct
incorrect
Erectus fossils have been found only in Africa.
correct
incorrect
Erectus was a relatively shorter-lived species that became extinct
correct
incorrect
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Based on the fossil record, some researchers argue that
Homo erectus
comprised several related but geographically distinct species. If so, these included which of the following?
Homo ergaster
in Asia,
Homo erectus
in Europe, and
Homo antecessor
in Africa.
correct
incorrect
Homo ergaster
in Africa,
Homo erectus
in Asia, and
Homo antecessor
in Europe.
correct
incorrect
Homo ergaster
in Europe,
Homo erectus
in Africa, and
Homo antecessor
in Asia.
correct
incorrect
Homoergaster
in Europe,
Homo erectus
in Africa and Asia, and
Homo antecessor
in Australia.
correct
incorrect
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A continuous, projecting ridge of bone above and across the eyes is called the:
sagittal crest.
correct
incorrect
supraorbital torus.
correct
incorrect
maxilla.
correct
incorrect
occipital.
correct
incorrect
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From what time does the Acheulean tradition date?
around 1.76 million years ago in Africa and after about 1 million years ago in Europe.
correct
incorrect
after 100,000 years ago in Africa, but before 1 million years ago in Europe.
correct
incorrect
between 1.55 million and 750,000 years ago in Australia, Asia, and the Americas.
correct
incorrect
before 2.5 million years ago in Africa and much later everywhere else.
correct
incorrect
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Periods much colder than the present, which were characterized by widespread ice and snow cover, are known as:
altricials.
correct
incorrect
interstadials.
correct
incorrect
interglacials.
correct
incorrect
glacials.
correct
incorrect
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What made it possible to recover the nearly intact finely-made wooden spears from a site at Schöningen, Germany?
The soil was highly acidic and aerobic, which offers excellent preservation for organic artifacts.
correct
incorrect
The wooden spears were placed in a cache of artifacts in plain sight, where archaeologists would eventually find them.
correct
incorrect
The wooden spears were covered with charcoal and mud, which allows for the preservation of wood.
correct
incorrect
The soil was waterlogged and provided conditions that allowed for the preservation of organic material.
correct
incorrect
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In comparison to an Oldowan tool, a hand axe ____________.
was made out of stone, wood, or bone.
correct
incorrect
requires many more flakes to be removed.
correct
incorrect
needs constant cleaning and maintenance.
correct
incorrect
requires metal and a source of heat to be forged
correct
incorrect
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In contrast to
Homo habilis
,
Homo erectus
is characterized by:
a more primitive stone-tool technology, more sophisticated use of wood to construct shelters and boats, and the earliest known gardening.
correct
incorrect
a more sophisticated stone-tool technology, cooperative hunting, and the controlled use of fire.
correct
incorrect
cooperative hunting, the controlled use of fire, and elaborate burials with many grave goods.
correct
incorrect
a more advanced stone-tool technology, the first evidence for fishing, and the construction of stone buildings.
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
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The evidence that
Homo erectus
used boats, or some type of watercraft, includes which of the following?
a single, handmade canoe dating from 75,000 years ago was found in a rockshelter in France. It is associated with a
Homo erectus
grave.
correct
incorrect
the badly decayed remains of watercraft dating from 1.0 million years ago have been recovered from archaeological deposits on the island of Flores.
correct
incorrect
Homo ergaster
was similar to
Homo erectus
, and
Homo ergaster
is also known to have built and used watercraft.
correct
incorrect
stone tools dating from 1.0 million years ago have been found on the island of Flores, which is separated from Java by a deep, natural underwater trench.
correct
incorrect
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According to primatologist Richard Wrangham, which of the following was the greatest advantage in the controlled use of fire in human evolution?
Fire offers protection from predators and enemies.
correct
incorrect
Fire produces light and heat.
correct
incorrect
Fire can be used in warfare and to clear fields.
correct
incorrect
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The secondarily altricial condition of modern human babies refers to the fact that:
they are born before they can walk, and walk before they can talk.
correct
incorrect
they are born at a relatively advanced state of brain development, but are physically immature and dependent.
correct
incorrect
they are born in a relatively immature state of brain development, but are physically independent.
correct
incorrect
they are born in a dependent state, but physically mature more quickly than other primates.
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
.
The fossils originally known as
Sinanthropuspekinensis
or "Peking Man" are now classified as:
Homo floresiensis
.
correct
incorrect
Homo sapiens.
correct
incorrect
Homo habilis
.
correct
incorrect
Homo erectus
.
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
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Homo habilis
emerged around ________ years ago;
Homo erectus
followed at around _________ years ago.
4.5 million; 3.2 million
correct
incorrect
3.6 million; 2.8 million
correct
incorrect
2.5 million; 1.8 million
correct
incorrect
1.4 million; 800,000
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
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What is the approximate mean cranial capacity of
Homo erectus?
under 650 cc
correct
incorrect
about 800 cc
correct
incorrect
just under 1000 cc
correct
incorrect
1200 cc
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
.
The bone at the rear of the skull is called the:
sagittal crest.
correct
incorrect
supraorbital torus.
correct
incorrect
maxilla.
correct
incorrect
occipital.
correct
incorrect
*
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In contrast to
Homo habilis
, which of the following probably gave
Homo erectus
the ability to migrate so widely?
bipedalism
correct
incorrect
increased microcephaly
correct
incorrect
greater intelligence
correct
incorrect
greater flexibility
correct
incorrect
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Homo erectus
is most closely associated with which tool-making tradition?
Acheulean
correct
incorrect
Oldowan
correct
incorrect
European
correct
incorrect
Stadial
correct
incorrect
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Based on the morphology of fossil remains dating from about 1.8 million until about 400,000 years ago, many researchers argue:
there were two or more related but geographically separate hominin species during this period that evolved from earlier African hominins.
correct
incorrect
hominin species dating from this time became extinct before the evolution of
Homo sapiens
.
correct
incorrect
Homo habilis
and
Homo erectus
belong to a single, geographically widespread but morphologically diverse species of the Genus
Homo
.
correct
incorrect
all of the above.
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
.
The remarkable preservation of wooden spears at a site in Schöningen, Germany provides evidence:
the hominins who made and used the spears hunted deer more than 1,000,000 years ago.
correct
incorrect
the hominins who made and used the spears were hunting horses 300,000 years ago.
correct
incorrect
Homo habilis
were hunting with spears in Germany nearly 800,000 years ago.
correct
incorrect
spears were used as a form of artwork and for long-distace trade, as well as for hunting.
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
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Which bone refers to the top part of a skull, without the mandible and facial bones?
the preform.
correct
incorrect
the cortex.
correct
incorrect
the calvarium.
correct
incorrect
the occipital.
correct
incorrect
*
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Between 1.4 million and 400,000 years ago, hand axe technology:
steadily improved with the addition of many other stone tools.
correct
incorrect
steadily declined and worsened due to changes in the climate.
correct
incorrect
rapidly evolved into a more advanced technology.
correct
incorrect
changed very little.
correct
incorrect
*
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.
The fossil evidence indicates that by 1.8 million years ago, a new hominin known as _______ had evolved.
Australopithecus afarensis
correct
incorrect
Homo sapiens
correct
incorrect
Homo erectus
correct
incorrect
Homo habilis
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
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The Pleistocene epoch lasted until how long ago?
1,000,000 years
correct
incorrect
100,000 years
correct
incorrect
10,000 years
correct
incorrect
1,000 years
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
.
Radiometric dating techniques have determined that
Homo naledi
lived how long ago?
more than 2 million years
correct
incorrect
less than 100,000 years
correct
incorrect
between 2 million and 500,000 years
correct
incorrect
between 236,000 and 335,000 years
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
.
After 400,000 years ago, hominin evolution was characterized by:
the sudden development of bipedalism and larger brain size.
correct
incorrect
the earliest evidence for the use of stone tools.
correct
incorrect
a slight increase in average brain size and first use of stone tools.
correct
incorrect
a rapid increase in brain size.
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
.
Homo erectus
can be best characterized as
:
a stable, long-lived species that migrated widely.
correct
incorrect
an ultimately unsuccessful, short-lived species that went extinct.
correct
incorrect
the first hominin species to make and use stone tools.
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
.
The mean cranial capacity of
Homo habilis
was about ________, while the mean cranial capacity of
Homo erectus
was approximately
________.
500 cc; 600 cc
correct
incorrect
850 cc; 800 cc
correct
incorrect
700 cc; 960 cc
correct
incorrect
1100 cc; 1200 cc
correct
incorrect
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