Figure 4.2

Explain meaning of indirect effect Von Colson points down to, Is there any relevant national law? If yes, Does the national law predate the E U law? If yes, Duty to interpret consistently with E U law still applies. If no, Duty to interpret consistently with E U law even stronger. Both the duty to interpret point down to, In relation to each provision of E U law, is it possible to interpret it consistently? In relation to points down in one sequence to No, explain why not; No indirect effect; Consider direct effect If State has breached EU law, consider State Liability. It also points in a sequence to, Yes, explain why; E U law has indirect effect; consider direct effect. Is there any relevant, if no, no indirect effect; consider direct effect.

Figure 4.2 Summary of indirect effect

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