Chapter 14 Self-test questions

. What does Article 102 TFEU prohibit?

Anti-competitive agreements between undertakings.

Agreements between undertakings operating at different levels of the production/distribution chain.

Abuse of a dominant position within the internal market.

Agreements between undertakings operating at the same level of the production/distribution chain.

. Which of the following cases provides a definition of 'dominance'?

Dassonville.

Van Duyn.

United Brands.

Orfanopoulos.

. What concept is key to the identification of the relevant product market?

Direct effect.

The rule of reason.

Product substitutability.

Direct concern.

. What question must be addressed to determine whether there is cross-elasticity of demand?

Would a producer of a similar product be willing and able to switch production to this product?

Would the product be more attractive to consumers if it had several uses?

Would a significant proportion of the population buy this product if it were advertised more widely?

Would the consumer be willing and able to substitute this product for another?

. What does supply substitutability concern?

The capacity of other producers to increase production.

The capability of other producers to supply substitutable products.

The efficiency of distribution networks.

Consumer perception of similar products.

. In which of the following cases did the Court of Justice define the relevant geographic market?

Dassonville.

Keck.

United Brands.

Von Colson.

. What is the primary indicator of dominance in the relevant market?

Profitability.

Market share.

Production capacity.

Size.

. What is meant by 'vertical integration?

Control at different levels of the market.

The ability to eliminate competitors.

The power to raise barriers to entry.

The ability to act independently of competitors and consumers.

. How might predatory pricing be characterized?

As an exploitative abuse.

As an anti-competitive abuse.

As an indicator of dominance.

As a feature of the relevant product market.

. What are the elements of a breach of Article 102 TFEU?

The relevant product, geographical, and seasonal markets.

Supply-side substitutability and demand-side substitutability.

Exploitative or anti-competitive abuse by an undertaking in a dominant position.

Dominant position, abuse, and an effect on trade between Member States.

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