Chapter 2 Practice Quiz

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. The essence of the scientific process is

carefully controlled observations that eliminate investigator bias. correct incorrect

the construction of deductively valid theories. correct incorrect

the continuous interplay between theory and data. correct incorrect

the particular methods and techniques that each science uses. correct incorrect

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. As a scientific enterprise, social research involves theory, verifiable data, logical reasoning, and

precise predictions about the social world. correct incorrect

systematic observation and analysis. correct incorrect

collaborative research. correct incorrect

well-established methods of data collection. correct incorrect

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. In contrast to deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning

involves conclusions that are more or less probable. correct incorrect

is less descriptive of human thought processes. correct incorrect

moves from general principles to particular conclusions. correct incorrect

should be avoided in science whenever possible. correct incorrect

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. Suppose you reason as follows: If I spend 15 hours per week studying research methods, I will earn an A in the course. I will study research methods at least 15 hours per week. Therefore, I will earn an A in the course. What type(s) of reasoning is this?

inductive reasoning correct incorrect

deductive reasoning correct incorrect

neither inductive nor deductive reasoning correct incorrect

both inductive and deductive reasoning correct incorrect

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. Which of the following sequences best describes the inductive logic of inquiry?

theory -> data -> hypothesis correct incorrect

data -> theory -> hypothesis correct incorrect

data -> empirical pattern -> theory correct incorrect

theory -> hypothesis -> data correct incorrect

theory -> empirical pattern -> hypothesis correct incorrect

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. A researcher observes that same-sex gangs commit more acts of vandalism than mixed-sex gangs. She theorizes that competition for recognition among equal-status peers increases the tendency to commit publicly deviant acts. What type(s) of reasoning is this?

inductive reasoning correct incorrect

deductive reasoning correct incorrect

neither inductive nor deductive reasoning correct incorrect

both inductive and deductive reasoning correct incorrect

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. In which of the following social contexts did Dixon and Rosenbaum find that white-black interactions reduced anti-black stereotyping?

Whites had black teammates. correct incorrect

Whites had black relatives. correct incorrect

Whites knew blacks in the workplace. correct incorrect

Whites knew blacks from school. correct incorrect

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. In her study of class differences in child rearing, Lareau

used the deductive logic of inquiry to test her theory of child rearing. correct incorrect

relied on data from a large-scale survey that asked about child rearing practices. correct incorrect

focused on families with pre-school age children. correct incorrect

inferred patterns from her data, which led to the development of a theory. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following principles follows from text's discussion of science and its limitations?

Scientific theory is a product of the times. correct incorrect

Scientific theories can be proven beyond a doubt. correct incorrect

Scientific data are free from bias and error. correct incorrect

Scientific inquiry eliminates the possibility of serendipity. correct incorrect

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. The discovery of the misclassification of network data in the 2004 General Social Survey

produced new findings more consistent with existing theories of social isolation. correct incorrect

shows how small errors in data generally have little effect on research findings. correct incorrect

illustrates how science has the capacity to correct errors and increase accuracy over time. correct incorrect

created a consensus among social scientists regarding the social isolation of Americans. correct incorrect