Two approaches are applied independently and their findings are compared.

Incorporated in both the study of the effect of abuse on cohabitation and the New York audit study of discrimination.

Combining different methods of data collection or analysis in the same study.

Different approaches are connected or merged during the process of data collection and analysis.

Different kinds of data are collected, either concurrently or sequentially, from the same individuals or groups.

Implemented to address questions that emerge in the process of data collection with additional data collection.

Use of dissimilar measures or methods to address the same research question, usually to confirm or verify findings.

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