Systematic description of the symbolic content of communications.

The set of words and/or phrases that are coded in a computerized content analysis.

Repositories of data from surveys, ethnographies, and in-depth interview research.

Allowing congressional members to edit proofs creates this problem for the Congressional Record.

A list of study variables together with definitions, values, and instructions.

Presents all possible combinations of outcomes for a set of causal variables.

Study of the structure and changes in human populations.

A primary source for social scientists is social media.

Data collected from the registration of births, deaths, marriages, and divorces.

An examination of intervening mechanisms that might link observed events in comparative-historical research.

The object that is coded in a content analysis.

The study of mass incarceration used this method in examining the histories of penal policies in eight states.

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