Chapter 5 Multiple choice questions

. Which of the following statements about surgical oncology are correct?

Surgery is limited if the tumour is in an eloquent position.

Surgery is particularly effective in most cases of benign tumours.

Surgery can sometimes be valuable for providing palliative care.

Surgery can be used as a part of diagnosis.

. Which of the following cancer treatments act by damaging DNA, particularly in dividing cells?

Radiotherapy

Tamoxifen

Cisplatin

Docetaxel

Vincristine

. Which of the following is an example of targeted therapy?

Imatinib

Temozolomide

Herceptin

Asparaginase

. Which of the following describes a mechanism for neo-angiogenesis?

New vessels formed from existing ones by sprouting

New vessels formed by differentiation of cancer stem cells

New vessels formed by inhibiting VEGF receptors

New vessels formed by the action of Thalidomide

. How can the hallmark of immortality be directly targeted as therapy?

Inhibit chromosome instability

Inhibit hTR using anti-sense technology

Inhibit G-quadruplex formation

Inhibit p53 function

. What are the problems with targeting hTERT to inhibit telomerase activity as a means of cancer treatment?

Some tumours use an alternative mechanism of telomere maintenance called ALT.

It would only be effective in tumours with very short telomeres.

It might have severe side effects due to off-target mechanisms.

It might cause a serious reduction in normal stem cell function.

. Which of the following statements about immune checkpoint inhibitors are true?

Ipilimumab acts by preventing the checkpoint protein CTLA-4 from binding to its cognate ligand.

The monoclonal antibody nivolumab is directed against the PDL-1 ligand.

Targeting the CTLA-4 receptor with a monoclonal antibody restores the interaction between the costimulatory ligand CD80 with the CD28 receptor.

Immune-related adverse events are side effects associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor drugs.

. Which of the following statements about CAR T cell therapies are true?

CAR T cell therapies are effective only in solid tumours.

T cell activation can be enhanced by the addition of costimulatory domains to the Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR).

There are no side effects associated with CAR T cell therapy.

The immunosuppressive effect of the TME on CAR T cell therapy can be addressed by designing CARs that encode pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12.

. Which of the following statements about cancer stem cells are true?

Cancers are maintained by malignant stem cells called cancer stem or cancer progenitor cells.

Cancer stem cells are easy to target with DNA damaging drugs.

Cancer stem cells are resistant to therapeutic drug-induced cell death.

Cancer stem cells are thought to cause tumour cell invasion and metastases.

. Which of the following statements about cancer vaccines directed against HPV are true?

The vaccines are designed to target more than one HPV-type.

Gardasil is a bivalent vaccine.

Cervarix is prepared from the L1 structural protein of the HPV types 16 and 18.

Show near 100% efficacy when administered in individuals previously uninfected with HPV.

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