Chapter 4 Multiple choice questions

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. Which of the following are involved in the stimulation of proliferation in cancer cells?

Epidermal growth factor and its receptor correct incorrect

RAS correct incorrect

MAPK correct incorrect

CDKN2A correct incorrect

Hormones such as oestrogen correct incorrect

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. Which of the following processes are directly involved in cancer cell death?

Apoptosis correct incorrect

Necrosis correct incorrect

Autophagy correct incorrect

Angiogenesis correct incorrect

DNA repair correct incorrect

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. Which of the following processes are regulated by the tumour suppressor and stress response functions of p53?

Cellular senescence correct incorrect

Cellular proliferation correct incorrect

Cellular necrosis correct incorrect

DNA repair correct incorrect

None of the above correct incorrect

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. How are telomeres maintained in cancer cells?

Activation of telomerase correct incorrect

Activation of DNA polymerase correct incorrect

TERT promoter mutation correct incorrect

Activation of a recombinational-based process called ALT correct incorrect

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. How does a mutation of codon 132 in the enzyme IDH1 affect tumourigenesis?

Loss of mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme activity correct incorrect

Formation of oncometabolite 2HG correct incorrect

Deregulation of histone methylation correct incorrect

Deregulation of DNA methylation correct incorrect

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. Hypoxia stimulates which of the following cellular processes?

EMT correct incorrect

Angiogenesis correct incorrect

Autophagy correct incorrect

DNA repair pathways correct incorrect

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. Which of the following steps are involved in the elimination of cancer cells by the immune system?

Binding of tumour antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells correct incorrect

Activation of naïve T cells and differentiation into cytotoxic T cells in the lymph nodes correct incorrect

Binding of cytotoxic T cells to tumour cells via the major histocompatibility class II receptors correct incorrect

Tumour cell death can be triggered through interactions between death receptor ligands on T cells and associated receptors on the surface of tumour cells. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following are mechanisms used by cancer cells to evade immune destruction?

Increased expression of major histocompatibility class I proteins on the surface of tumour cells correct incorrect

Overexpression of CTLA-4 correct incorrect

Inappropriate expression of PDL-1 on tumour cells and correct incorrect

Increased production of IL-10 correct incorrect

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. Which of the following statements about the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are true?

EGFR is a member of the ErbB family of receptors which includes HER 2. correct incorrect

EGFR can be overexpressed in tumours either through somatic mutations and/or amplification of the EGFR gene. correct incorrect

Only the ligand EGF can bind to the EGFR at its ligand binding domain located at the extracellular side of the cell membrane. correct incorrect

EGFR signalling can only be initiated through EGFR homodimerization. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following statements relating to non-coding RNAs and cancer are true?

Overexpression of the long non-coding RNA ANRIL is related to cancer progression and poor tumour prognosis. correct incorrect

Exosomes can carry long non-coding RNAs and mediate drug resistance. correct incorrect

Non-coding RNAs only function as oncogenes in cancers. correct incorrect

Overexpression of miR-21 can contribute to invasion and metastasis in some cancers. correct incorrect