Chapter 6 Quiz

1. According to most definitions, which of the following does a country definitely need to have in order to be a democracy?

a. Strategic voting

b. Recall referenda

c. Citizen assemblies

d. Periodic elections

2. Which of the following countries has pioneered experiments with direct democracy at the local level through participatory budgeting?

a. Myanmar

b. Brazil

c. Sweden

d. United States

3. Which of the following is typically considered part of procedural definitions of democracy?

a. Incomes must be equal

b. All national budgets subject to referenda

c. Religion must be kept entirely out of politics

d. Multiple competitors must be allowed

4. Which of the following characteristics would scholars like Philippe Schmitter and Terry Karl argue invalidate a country's claim to full democratic status?

a. Oil dependence

b. Presidentialism

c. Poor economic performance

d. The military's de facto veto power over national elections

5. Which of the following claims about the relationship between democratic transitions and democratic consolidation is probably wrong?

a. Democratic transitions don't matter: Consolidation is the key.

b. Democratic consolidation doesn't matter: Transitions are the key.

c. Neither a nor b matters: Preventing democratic breakdowns is the key.

d. All of the above

6. Modernization theory says that economic development predicts democratic status, yet India is relatively poor and a democracy. What does this mean?

a. India must not really be a democracy.

b. Modernization theory should be abandoned

c. India is a textbook case of modernization theory, confirming the theory.

d. Proponents of modernization theory should clarify how and how frequently they think development and democracy are related.

7. Which of the following contemporary states witnessed a gradual process of democratization and democratic consolidation over centuries?

a. Ottoman Empire

b. Myanmar

c. China

d. The United Kingdom

8. What do political scientists tend to think about the role of individual leaders in democratization?

a. Leadership makes no difference.

b. Leadership is the main thing that matters.

c. Leadership matters, but only because it is leaders who design institutions.

d. Leaders sometimes matter, but they act against the backdrop of structural conditions.

9. Which of the following claims about the causes of democratization are supported by some social scientists?

a. Democratization and democratic consolidation depend heavily on the existence of a strong middle class.

b. The key to understanding democratization is to trace the long-run development of democracy's underlying institutions.

c. Different types of variables might interact to produce democratization.

d. All of the above

10. Participation, social inclusion, equity, equality, and accountability are part of what type of definition of democracy?

a. Substantive

b. Procedural

c. Hybrid

d. Electoral-authoritarian

11. Which of the following is the closest equivalent to a "procedural definition of democracy"?

a. Substantive definition of democracy

b. Minimal definition of democracy

c. Representative definition of democracy

d. Direct definition of democracy

12. Are any of the following key ideas in the modernization theory of democratization?

a. Institutional design matters more than other factors.

b. Economic development favors democracy.

c. Both a and b

d. Neither a nor b

13. Which of the following ideas best describes cultural theories of democratization?

a. Culture is bad for democracy.

b. Culture, values, and beliefs exist in inverse proportion to the degree of democracy.

c. Some cultural traditions, beliefs, attitudes, and values might encourage democracy more than others.

d. Only democracy depends on culture, whereas other regime types are anti-cultural.

14. Which of the following ideas best describes systemic and global approaches to the study of democracy and democratization?

a. Waves of democratization can be explained entirely based on domestic political structures.

b. Democracy cannot be a system or a structure.

c. Waves of democratization respond not just to domestic factors but also to international patterns.

d. None of these are key ideas

15. What is a main reason for conducting within-case analysis?

a. The analyst wishes to trace causal processes over time.

b. Some cases are so fascinating that you do not really want to explore others.

c. Some cases are just really worth researching.

d. This is a technique for the physical sciences, inappropriate for comparative politics.

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