Chapter 14 Quiz

1. Which of the following would reflect prevailing ideas in comparative politics about the nature of race?

a. Race is fundamentally a matter of biology.

b. Racial categories as such appear to be socially or culturally constructed.

c. Since race is not really biological, it does not have political consequences.

d. We live in a "post-racial" world.

2. Which of the following statements about gender would be judged least plausible by the comparativists?

a. Gender is receiving greater attention from scholars in comparative politics than in the past.

b. Gender and biological sex mean the same thing.

c. Gender is more cultural whereas sex is more biological.

d. Gender remains an important factor in politics.

3. Which of the following claims is not true, according to social scientists?

a. Gender and ethnicity are both constructed categories.

b. Gender and ethnicity intersect with political party formation in precisely the same way.

c. One way to try to empower members of disadvantaged groups is through institutional design strategies like quota systems and reserved seats.

d. Gender and ethnicity have a complicated and varying relationship with the major strategies used to empower members of diverse groups.

4. Why do comparativists believe that, even after modern progress, discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, and gender persists?

a. Evidence from methods like audit studies reveal ongoing discrimination.

b. Different groups have measurable differences in various socioeconomic outcomes.

c. A number of members of disadvantaged groups report experiencing discrimination.

d. All of the above

5. Which of the following is the type of gender empowerment discussed in this chapter?

a. Self-esteem empowerment

b. Political empowerment

c. Biological empowerment

d. Sociological empowerment

6. What is the core explanation that Mala Htun gives for the fact that gender-based parties are less common than ethnic parties?

a. Ethnic categories cut across other categories that serve as the basis for party formation.

b. Gender categories cut across other categories that serve as the basis for party formation.

c. Ethnic groups are simply more culturally disposed to form parties.

d. Patriarchy

7. Which of the following ideas is one of the factors cited in Donna Lee Van Cott's argument about the creation of ethnic parties in Latin America?

a. Ethnic parties emerged because of charismatic leaders.

b. Ethnic parties emerged in part because archaeological evidence made people realize who they “really are.”

c. Ethnic parties emerged in part because decentralization created new political opportunities while old bases of mobilization for marginalized groups were weakened.

d. Ethnic parties emerged because of dependent economic development.

8. Which of the following factors plays a prominent role in Joanne Nagel's account of the dramatic growth of the share of the U.S. population self-identifying as "Native American" or "American Indian" in the mid- to late twentieth century?

a. Independent monitoring by the EU

b. “Red Power” Activism

c. The decline of the Democratic Party

d. The decline of the Republican party

9. Which sorts of actors, among others, does Mona Lena Krook's argument lead us to expect to play an important role in determining whether gender quotas will be adopted in a given polity?

a. Rural laborers, religious leaders, and the media

b. Politicians acting strategically, transnational organizations, and activists

c. Economic classes, trade unions, and the bourgeoisie

d. None of the above

10. Which of the following is frequently cited by comparative politics scholars to influence the likelihood of the formation of ethnic parties?

a. Judicial review

b. Terrorism

c. Existing interest groups and sources of political cleavage in the society in question

d. None of the above

11. Why do some scholars in comparative politics think that political empowerment might lead to other forms of empowerment?

a. All of economics and culture is based on politics.

b. You can have an effect on economics only if you have political power.

c. You can only impact culture if you have political power.

d. Some research shows that women who hold office are, on average, more inclined than male office-holders to value equity highly.

12. Which of the following countries has seen significant improvement in women's rights over the last several decades?

a. Brazil

b. Iran

c. Saudi Arabia

d. None of the above

13. Which of the following is probably not a factor influencing the likelihood that ethnic parties will be formed?

a. Ethnic demographics

b. History of conflict between groups

c. Presence or absence of other bases of cleavage

d. Climate

14. Which of the following would be an example of a social movement mobilizing around an ethnic identity?

a. Iran's "Green Revolution"

b. The French Revolution

c. The Landless Movement in Brazil

d. All of the above

15. According to the perspective of this chapter, which of the following claims is not demonstrably true?

a. Institutional design solutions to problems of group inequality are often effective.

b. Social movements can be useful ways to address inequality.

c. Social movements, political parties, and institutional design responses to group inequalities often go hand in hand.

d. You can have social movements or parties, but you can't have both.

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