Chapter 8 Essay questions

1) Describe the difference between catch-all parties, mass parties and cartel parties.

2) Which strategies do challenger parties typically employ to gain votes?

3) What is the major difference between the Polish party system and the party systems in the UK, Germany and Spain? In what way does this reflect a general trend in post-Communist Eastern European countries?

4) Conservative, liberal and socialist parties can be said to be linked to the same social cleavage. Describe the class cleavage, its historical context and the voting groups it created for these parties.

5) Describe the development of party membership and party attachment in Europe in recent decades. Give concrete examples from several European countries.