Chapter 5 Multiple choice questions

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. What is meant by the paradox of voting?

Even though the likelihood of an individual vote changing the outcome of an election is exceedingly small and there are costs to voting, many people vote. correct incorrect

On election day, more people vote than indicated in surveys previously. correct incorrect

Extreme parties commonly do better in an actual election than in surveys. correct incorrect

Turnout is commonly higher in national elections than in European elections. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is NOT representative of retrospective voting?

A voter punishing the incumbent government for the bad economy. correct incorrect

A voter voting against a politician they perceive to have shirked. correct incorrect

Voters voting for a politician that promises to fix the flailing economy. correct incorrect

Voters supporting an incumbent after the crime rate in their neighbourhood went down. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following statements about partisanship according to the Michigan model, treating partisanship as a "perceptual screen", is FALSE?

Partisanship refers to a long-lasting bond with a political party. correct incorrect

Partisanship is often formed through family socialization during early childhood. correct incorrect

Short-term factors such as candidate evaluations and policy preferences are almost totally irrelevant. correct incorrect

Partisans should display consistent voting for a single party throughout their life. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following statements about partisanship according to Fiorina's model, treating partisanship as a "running tally", is FALSE?

Partisanship is robust to scandals and shocks and only moves in relation to changes in policy positions of parties. correct incorrect

Voters constantly update their assessment of parties according to their performance. correct incorrect

Partisanship tends to be more stable as people grow older. correct incorrect

Voters can use their running tally as information shortcuts in elections. correct incorrect

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. According to Tucker, when do "old regime" parties, often associated with the old communist rulers do well in Central and Eastern Europe?

When the economy is doing well. correct incorrect

When the economy is doing poorly. correct incorrect

When voters are feeling particularly nostalgic. correct incorrect

When voters shift towards a neoliberal ideology. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is not an implication from the "Second Order Election" model?

Citizens are less likely to vote in European elections compared to national elections. correct incorrect

Voters punish governing parties on the national level in European elections. correct incorrect

Voters decide mostly based on domestic considerations in European elections, although EU considerations increasingly play a role, too. correct incorrect

Mainstream parties on the national level do the best in European elections. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following statements about turnout is FALSE?

The relationship between age and voting is linear: every additional year older a person gets increases their likelihood to vote. correct incorrect

People who voted in previous elections are more likely to vote in future elections than those who did not. correct incorrect

Voters that first become eligible just before a European election (rather than a national election) are less likely to vote for the rest of their life. correct incorrect

Richer and more educated citizens are more likely to vote. correct incorrect

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. Imagine the following political space with four parties and a voter with a position in a two dimensional ideological space. According to the proximity voting model, which party do we expect the voter to vote for?

Party A correct incorrect

Party B correct incorrect

Party C correct incorrect

Party D correct incorrect

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. According to De Vries and Solaz, which of the following arguments is NOT a reason that voters fail to punish incumbents for corruption?

Voters overlook corruption if they can receive other benefits from the politician. correct incorrect

Citizens are very often unaware that corruption is taking place. correct incorrect

Partisanship leads to supporters of corrupt politicians not believing or act on evidence about corruption. correct incorrect

Voters find it difficult to assess blame for corruption accurately. correct incorrect

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. How do we commonly measure electoral volatility?

The likelihood of the party in government losing their power. correct incorrect

The average change in vote share for all parties divided by two. correct incorrect

The number of new parties in parliament plus the number of parties that exit parliament. correct incorrect

The share of individual members of parliament that have to give up their seat. correct incorrect