* not completed

. In a contract between A and B, it is stated that payment must be made 'at the end of the financial year'. How would a court interpret the term?

Find the meaning against the relevant background to discover what the parties intended 'at the end of the financial year' to mean, excluding options where the parties have given a meaning to 'financial year' that departs from any normal usage. correct incorrect

Look to a dictionary for the meaning of 'financial year'. correct incorrect

Find the meaning against the relevant background to discover what the parties intended 'at the end of the financial year' to mean, even if this means attributing a meaning to the words that a third party would not understand the words to mean without further background to the contract. correct incorrect

None of the options given is correct. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is the best description of recent developments in the case law?

There has been no move away from Lord Hoffmann's principles in ICS. correct incorrect

Lord Hoffmann's principles in ICS are now bad law. correct incorrect

There is an increasing emphasis on interpreting the language used by the parties. correct incorrect

None of the options given is correct. correct incorrect

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. What limit is there to the process of interpretation that does not exist where the claim is for rectification?

The court cannot do violence to language by making it yield more business common sense. correct incorrect

Evidence of prior negotiations is not admissible. correct incorrect

The court cannot conclude that the parties used the wrong words. correct incorrect

All of the options given are correct. correct incorrect

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. X and Y contract for the sale of X's flat. The contract states that no pets are allowed in the building. X believes, and tells Y, that this simply means pets are only not allowed if they are not kept in cages. Y brings his pet snake (kept in a cage) when he moves into the property. X claims that this is a breach of contract. Does Y have a defence?

Yes, post-contractual conduct altered the interpretation of the contract. correct incorrect

Yes, X can be estopped from claiming breach. correct incorrect

No, post-contractual conduct is excluded from the factual matrix. correct incorrect

No, although there is instead a claim for misrepresentation. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Consistent with the decision in Cherry Tree, which of the following documents would most likely receive a more restrictive interpretation by the court?

A contract of sale of a car between A and B correct incorrect

An injunction correct incorrect

A merger between two local businesses correct incorrect

A covenant not to sue X for breach of an agreement correct incorrect

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. How might a third party prevent himself from being prejudiced by an interpretation of a contract based upon a wide factual matrix that is not clear from the face of the document?

Inquire as to the relevant background correct incorrect

Argue that the contract is registrable or a public document correct incorrect

Estoppel correct incorrect

All of the options given are correct correct incorrect