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Return to Subject Area Student Resources for Criminal Law
Self-test questions: Non-fatal offences
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Sheila was at a late night party and fell asleep on the settee. Lucy thought it would be funny to sit on Sheila and did so. This woke Sheila up suddenly and caused her great alarm, but no physical injury. What is the law relating to offences against the person that best applies to this situation?
Lucy is guilty of both an assault and a battery on Sheila.
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Lucy is guilty of both an assault and an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 on Sheila.
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Lucy is not guilty of an assault, but is guilty of a battery on Sheila.
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Lucy is not guilty of any offence against Sheila.
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Lucy is not guilty of an assault, but is guilty of an offence under s. 47 Offences Against the Person Act 1861
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After a football match the crowd left the stadium. Rhys, a supporter of the home team, shouted at Charlie, a supporter of the away team, 'Your team got done!' Charlie became very angry and picked up a bottle that had been discarded on the ground and threw it at Rhys. Rhys tried to move out of the way. The bottle landed on the ground and smashed. Some pieces of glass flew up and hit Rhys' leg, causing several cuts.
When he was arrested, Charlie stated that he only intended to bruise Rhys
. What is the law relating to offences against the person that best applies to this situation?
Charlie is only guilty of an assault on Rhys.
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Charlie is only guilty of an offence under s. 47 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 on Rhys.
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Charlie is guilty of both a battery and an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 on Rhys.
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Charlie is guilty of both and assault and an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 on Rhys.
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Charlie is guilty of both an assault and an offence under s. 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861.
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Lloyd is unhappy that Rhianna has tidied away the TV remote control. He picks up a clock nearby and throws it at Rhianna intending to injure her. Rhianna is holding their baby but drops them when the clock hits her in the head. The baby sustains a fractured arm. Rhianna is badly bruised. What rule of criminal law applies to Lloyd?
Lloyd is guilty of both assault occasioning actual bodily harm on Rhianna and of maliciously inflicting grievous bodily harm to the baby.
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Lloyd is guilty of assault occasioning actual bodily harm on Rhianna but is not guilty of any offence in relation to the baby.
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Lloyd is guilty of maliciously wounding the baby but is not guilty of any offence in relation to Rhianna.
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Lloyd is not guilty of any offence in relation to Rhianna or the baby as he was provoked by Rhianna.
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Rhianna is guilty of maliciously inflicting grievous bodily harm to the baby and Lloyd is not guilty of any offence in relation to either Rhianna or the baby.
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Sophia was in the park sat on a park bench, relaxing. She heard Richard, someone she did not know, behind her say, "I'm about to hurt you!" Richard thought this was a really good practical joke. Sophia was very upset and had thought she was in danger at that moment in time. She suffered no further harm. According to the law on offences against the person, what offence has Richard possibly committed?
Richard could be guilty of a battery.
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Richard could be guilty of an assault.
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Richard could be guilty of an offence under s. 47 Offences Against the Person Act 1861
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Richard could be guilty of an assault and battery.
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Richard be guilty of an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861.
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Barney believed Korey had stolen his lunch. Barney called Korey into his office and locked the door. Barney interrogated Korey intensely and Korey believed that Barney would hit him, but he did not. Korey was emotionally upset and generally fearful around people for several days and did not go to work for a week. What is the law on offences against the person that applies to Barney?
Barney could be guilty of a battery offence on Korey as he applied unlawful force to him.
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Barney could be guilty of both an assault and battery on Korey.
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Barney could be guilty of an assault on Korey as he was reckless as to applying immediate unlawful force to Korey.
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Barney could be guilty of an offence under s. 47 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 on Korey if it can be proven that he intended to cause Korey actual bodily harm.
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Barney could be guilty of an assault on Korey if it can be proven that he was reckless as to causing Korey to apprehend the application of unlawful force against him.
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Jordan and Keisha were eating their dinner in front of the television. They disagreed about which programme to watch and Jordan stabbed Keisha in her face with his fork. Her faced was badly scratched and bleeding. It did not cause permanent disfigurement. What is the law relating to offences against the person that applies to Jordan?
Jordan could be guilty of an offence under s. 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 if it can be proven that he intended to wound Keisha.
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Jordan could be guilty of an offence under s. 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 if it can be proven that he intended to cause grievous bodily harm to Keisha.
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Jordan could be guilty of an offence under s. 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 if it can be proven that he wounded Keisha and caused her grievous bodily harm.
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Jordan could be guilty of an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 if it can be proven that he intended to cause Keisha really serious harm.
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Jordan could be guilty of an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 if it can be proven that Keisha's injuries amount to actual bodily harm.
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Adrian sent Jessica flowers to her workplace every day for a month. Each bunch of flowers included a card on which he wrote 'I'm watching your every movement even when you are asleep.' Jessica became very distressed by this and worried that Adrian would attack her at any time. The doctor diagnosed her with a psychiatric disorder, which required medication, as a result of the distress caused by Adrian's actions. What is the law relating to offences against the person that best applies to this situation?
Following R v Ireland and Burstow Adrian could be guilty of an offence under s. 47 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because actual bodily harm includes psychiatric conditions.
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Following R v Ireland and Burstow Adrian could be guilty of an offence under s. 47 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because actual bodily harm includes psychiatric AND psychological conditions.
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Following R v Ireland and Burstow Adrian could be guilty of a battery because he has applied unlawful immediate force to Jessica and the injuries do not amount to actual bodily harm.
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Following R v Ireland and Burstow Adrian could be guilty of an offence under s. 47 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because actual bodily harm includes psychological conditions.
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Following R v Ireland and Burstow Adrian could not be guilty of an offence under the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because his actions amount to harassment.
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At a crowded festival Roman bumped into a stranger called Jermaine. Jermaine was annoyed and said 'hey don't do that. That is an assault!' On what basis is Jermaine right or wrong?
Jermaine is correct because the contact applied was unlawful.
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Jermaine is correct because the contact applied was consensual.
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Jermaine is correct because Roman intended to apply unlawful contact to Jermaine.
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Jermaine is incorrect because there was no apprehension of unlawful force to him.
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Jermaine is incorrect because he apprehended the application of unlawful force
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On Halloween Leroy dressed in a scary clown mask and jumped out at Cynthia in a car park. It was dark and Cynthia screamed in distress. Leroy thought it was very funny. How does the law on non-fatal offences apply to Leroy?
Leroy could be guilty of an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 as he maliciously inflicted grievous bodily harm too Cynthia with an intent to do so.
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Leroy could be guilty of an offence under s. 47 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 as she apprehends unlawful force and he intended to cause her actual bodily harm.
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Leroy could be guilty of an offence under s. 47 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 as she apprehends unlawful force and he is reckless as to causing her actual bodily harm.
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Leroy could be guilty of a battery on Cynthia as she apprehends unlawful force and he is reckless to this fact.
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Leroy could be guilty of an assault on Cynthia as she apprehends unlawful force and he is reckless to this fact.
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Wesley found out that his neighbour, Simon, had been writing grossly offensive and untrue material about him on Twitter. Wesley invited Simon to his house and when Simon arrived he hit him in the legs with a baseball bat. When Simon was lying on the ground, Wesley preceded to break every finger on both his hands. How does the law relating to non-fatal offences apply to Wesley?
Wesley could be guilty of an offence under s. 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because the cumulative effect of the injuries amount to grievous bodily harm which he intended to cause.
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Wesley could be guilty of an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because the cumulative effect of the injuries amount to grievous bodily harm which he intended to cause.
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Wesley could not be guilty of an offence under s. 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because he was preventing a crime of sending a malicious communication with an intent to cause anxiety.
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Wesley could not be guilty of an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because he was preventing a crime of sending a malicious communication with and intent to cause anxiety.
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Wesley could not be guilty of an offence under s. 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because the cumulative effect of the injuries would not amount to grievous bodily harm which he did intend to cause.
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Rita is annoyed when she discovers that her sister Lisa has been in her wardrobe and worn her favourite outfit. Rita sent Lisa a text message that said 'I will kill you for wearing my stuff.' Lisa laughed when she read the text and put the outfit in the wash when she returned home. The incident was forgotten. What is Rita's potential criminal liability for non-fatal offences?
Rita could be liable for assault because she intended to cause Lisa to apprehend unlawful force.
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Rita could be liable for an offence under s. 47 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because she did not intend to cause Lisa actual bodily harm
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Rita could not be liable for any criminal offence as Lisa did not apprehend unlawful force.
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Rita could not be liable for any criminal offence as she was only reckless as to causing Lisa to apprehend unlawful force.
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Rita could not be liable for any criminal offence based on the 'family protection' principle.
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Fred attended a protest and saw his friend Ashley throw a brick at a shop window, breaking it. As Ashley was about to be arrested by a police officer, Fred hit the officer on the head with a placard he was carrying. The officer was knocked unconscious and suffered from a cracked skull. Fred had not hit the officer hard, however, the officer had a weak skull. What is Fred's potential criminal liability for non-fatal offences?
Fred would not be liable for an offence under s. 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because the officer's weak skull broke the chain of causation.
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Fred would be liable for an offence under s. 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because he was malicious as to causing the officer grievous bodily harm with the intent to prevent an unlawful arrest.
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Fred would be liable for an offence under s. 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because he intended to cause the officer grievous bodily harm.
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Fred would not be liable for an offence under s. 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because he was reckless as to wounding the officer.
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Fred would be liable for an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because he maliciously inflicted grievous bodily harm to the officer.
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Jimmy placed acid in a hand dryer at school and waited for someone to unwittingly switch the machine on. Phil used the machine to dry his hands and face. The acid went into his eyes and blinded him. His vision will never return completely. What is the relevant criminal law principle that applies to Jimmy?
Jimmy could be liable for an offence under s. 47 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because he directly battered Phil causing him actual bodily harm and was reckless as to causing this harm.
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Jimmy could be liable for a battery on Phil because he directly applied unlawful force on him with an intention to do so.
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Jimmy could be liable for an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because he directly inflicted grievous bodily harm to Phil with and intention to do so.
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Jimmy could be liable for an offence an offence under s. 47 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because he indirectly battered Phil causing him actual bodily harm.
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Jimmy could be liable for an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because he indirectly inflicted grievous bodily harm to Phil maliciously.
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Charlotte threw a book at her lecturer, Dr Jones, when she learnt that she had received a poor mark for her criminal law essay. The book missed Dr Jones but hit a glass panel that she was standing next to. The glass broke and cut Dr Jones' cheek causing a permanent scar. What is the potential criminal liability of Charlotte?
Charlotte could be liable for an offence under s. 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because she caused Dr Jones grievous bodily harm with and intention to do so.
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Charlotte could be liable for an offence under s. 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because she unlawfully wounded Dr Jones with an intention to do so.
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Charlotte could be liable for an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because she inflicted grievous bodily harm on Dr Jones with and intention to do so.
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Charlotte could be liable for an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because Charlotte both wounded and inflicted grievous bodily harm recklessly.
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Charlotte could be liable for an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because she wounded Dr Jones with an intention to do so.
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Antony was aware that he had contracted HIV. He fell in love with Beatrice, but did not tell her that he had HIV, because he thought that she would leave him. He had unprotected sexual intercourse with Beatrice and she later discovered that she had contracted HIV from Anthony. What is the legal position in respect of non-fatal offences that applies to Anthony?
Anthony can be liable for an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because Beatrice did not consent to the risk of contracting HIV from him.
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Anthony can be liable for an offence under s. 47 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because Beatrice did not consent to the risk of contracting HIV from him.
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Anthony can be liable for an offence under s. 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because Beatrice did not consent to the risk of contracting HIV from him,
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Anthony cannot be liable for an offence under s. 47 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because Beatrice consented to unprotected sexual intercourse and all the risks associated with that.
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Anthony cannot be liable for an offence under s. 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 because Beatrice consented to unprotected sexual intercourse and all the risks associated with that.
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