* not completed

. What is the main argument of the Stern Review of 2017 in relation to the issue of global climate change?

That the costs of combating global warming are far greater than the long-term economic costs of inaction correct incorrect

That the costs of combating global warming are minuscule when set against the long-term economic costs of inaction correct incorrect

That the effects of global warming have been exaggerated correct incorrect

That climate change is a result of non-human factors rather than human activities correct incorrect

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. The Stockholm conference of 1972 led to which of these initiatives?

The Council on Environmental Quality correct incorrect

The United Nations Environment Program correct incorrect

The National Environmental Policy Act correct incorrect

The Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora correct incorrect

* not completed

. In what sense did the Carter administration break new ground in terms of the US approach to environmental issues?

He was prepared to question American dependence on industrial production correct incorrect

He was prepared to question American dependence on imported oil correct incorrect

He encouraged an increase American dependence on imported oil correct incorrect

Both a and b correct incorrect

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. What was One of the few environmental issues addressed by the Reagan administration ?

The ozone layer correct incorrect

US dependence on overseas oil correct incorrect

Negotiations on acid rain with Canada correct incorrect

The Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III)
correct incorrect

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. Which of these phrases is associated with President George H.W. Bush's approach to environmental policy?

'America's lifestyle is not up for negotiation' correct incorrect

'America's environment is not up for negotiation' correct incorrect

'It's the environment stupid' correct incorrect

'Environmental campaigners are either with us or against us' correct incorrect

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. How did the Clinton administration avoid confrontation over the Kyoto Protocol?

It did not submit it to the Senate for approval correct incorrect

It negotiated so-called flexibility mechanisms correct incorrect

The US agreed to cut emissions by 7% by 2108-2112 correct incorrect

None of the above correct incorrect

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. What measures were introduced by the George W. Bush Administration's 'Energy Policy Act'?

Greater subsidies to the oil and gas industries correct incorrect

The opening up of the Alaskan National Wildlife Refuge to exploration and drilling correct incorrect

Low interest loans for the development of nuclear power plants correct incorrect

All of the above correct incorrect

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. How did Obama's approach to the climate regime's burden-sharing principles of 'common but differentiated responsibilities' differ from that of the Bush administration?

Bush embraced it but Obama opposed it. correct incorrect

Bush postponed the debate on it whereas Obama rejected it. correct incorrect

Bush rejected it but Obama rhetorically embraced it and reinterpreted it. correct incorrect

Bush embraced it and reinterpreted it while Obama did not. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Why are rationalist explanations limited in explaining US environmental policy?

They only focus on security issues correct incorrect

They treat economic interests as social constructions, and therefore have difficulty in accounting for anti-environmental policies correct incorrect

They treat economic interests as a given, and therefore have difficulty in accounting for variations in US environmental policy correct incorrect

Both a and b correct incorrect

* not completed

. Why has there been a lack of consensus or commitment in US global environmental policy?

Domestic political polarization in Congress correct incorrect

Internal divisions within federal agencies correct incorrect

Environment policy-making has not been incorporated into security policy-making correct incorrect

All of the above correct incorrect