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. What distinguishes proprietary estoppel from promissory estoppel?

Lord Denning created promissory estoppel, but not proprietary estoppels correct incorrect

Proprietary estoppel only relates to land, promissory estoppels relates to all other types of property correct incorrect

Proprietary estoppel can be the basis of a claim; promissory estoppel may only be a defence correct incorrect

Promissory estoppel requires detriment, proprietary estoppel does not correct incorrect

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. The concept of "unconscionability" has been used in a number of proprietary estoppel cases. Unconscionability:

Is one of the five probanda in Willmott v Barber (1880) 15 Ch D 96 correct incorrect

Must be proved to establish a proprietary estoppel correct incorrect

Is irrelevant to a claim of proprietary estoppel correct incorrect

Is a unifying element in the doctrine of proprietary estoppel correct incorrect

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. Why did Cobbe not succeed in establishing an estoppel against Yeoman's Row Management?

Because he suffered no detriment correct incorrect

Because he had not made an agreement with Yeoman's Row Management Ltd. correct incorrect

Because he had not made a legally binding contract with Yeoman's Row correct incorrect

Because Yeoman's Row had not raised an expectation that he would acquire an interest in land correct incorrect

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. There was a proprietary estoppel in Thorner v Major and others [2009] 1 WLR 776, but not in Yeoman's Row Management Ltd. v Cobbe [2008] 1 WLR 1752.. What is the difference between the two cases?

There are no fixed rules in proprietary estoppel, it is all a matter of judicial dicscretion correct incorrect

There was a clear assurance that the claimant would receive an interest in land in Thorner, but not in Yeoman's correct incorrect

There was a higher level of detrimental reliance in Thorner compared to Yeoman's correct incorrect

It would have been unconscionable to allow Peter Thorner to receive nothing after all his years of work correct incorrect

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. What was the significant development in the law in Gillett v Holt [2000] 2 All ER 289?

It was the first estoppel case involving a farmer correct incorrect

It prevented Holt from changing his will correct incorrect

It restricted Holt's ability to leave his property to whoever he wished correct incorrect

It proposed a new definition of proprietary estoppel correct incorrect

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. Which of the following would not be regarded as detrimental reliance?

Giving up other job opportunities correct incorrect

Building a house on land that the claimant thinks is their own correct incorrect

Living with the person that the claimant loved correct incorrect

Looking after an elderly person correct incorrect

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. Which of the following would not be an appropriate basis to decide the remedy for proprietary estoppel?

The minimum equity to do justice correct incorrect

What the defendant promised correct incorrect

A remedy in proportion to the detriment suffered correct incorrect

Whatever the judge considers just correct incorrect

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. What is the importance of section 2 of the Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989 for the doctrine of estoppel?

It abolished the doctrine of proprietary estoppel correct incorrect

It exempts constructive and resulting trusts from the need for a written contract for land correct incorrect

It does not mention proprietary estoppel correct incorrect

It abolishes the doctrine of part performance correct incorrect

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. Why were there both a proprietary estoppel and a constructive trust in Yaxley v Gotts [2000] Ch 12?

Because unconscionability is the basic principle underlying both concepts correct incorrect

Because there was an "oral bargain" between Yaxley and Gotts correct incorrect

Because there was no written contract correct incorrect

Because land was involved correct incorrect

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. The essential element that turns a promise into an estoppel is:

Unconscionability correct incorrect

The breaking of the promise correct incorrect

The defendant acting to their detriment correct incorrect

Reliance on the promise correct incorrect