Chapter 27 Self-test questions

. Which statement is not correct about cyberspace?

Cyberspace has both virtual and physical components.

In security policy cyberspace serves both as an attack vector and as a sphere of operations.

Cyberspace is made up of communication networks, databases, servers, cables and satellites.

'Internet' and 'cyberspace' are synonymous terms.

. What is the role of intelligence agencies in cyber-security?

Intelligence agencies often have superior resources to deal with cyber-threats.

Intelligence agencies actively exploit vulnerabilities in cyberspace to gather data.

The role of intelligence agencies in cyber-security often causes public unease.

All of the above.

. When did the cyber-security discourse emerge? (When did politicians, academics, and other agents begin to talk seriously about cyber-security?)

1970s

1990s

1960s

1980s

. What is the referent object in contemporary cyber-security?

Digitalized sensitive information

Critical Information Infrastructures

Government IT systems

Telecommunication networks

. In terms of cyber-security, what is meant by 'resilience' and why is it important?

Resilience refers to the ability of an IT system to identify and defend against a cyber-security threat.

The only way to build a truly resilient IT system is to ensure that it can repel all types of threat and remain and avoid attack.

Resilience in an IT system refers to its ability to function when there are no threats to its security.

Resilience refers to the ability of IT systems to recover from attack.

. Are strategies of arms control useful in cyber-security?

No, arms control does not serve any purpose outside the realm of traditional military weapons.

Yes, successful policies of arms control have translated well from other security realms, such as nuclear weapons control strategies.

No, as the verification required for traditional arms control strategies is impossible in cyber(ed) warfare.

Yes, because the nature of technologies can be easily determined.

. In what way is international law applicable to cyber-security?

International Humanitarian Law (IHL) fully applies in cyber-operations.

The principle of state sovereignty and the international norms and principles that flow from sovereignty apply in cyberspace.

Concerning jus ad bellum, i.e. when a cyber-attack is considered an armed attack by another state.

All of the above.

. What is 'malware'?

A virus or worm

A Trojan horse

A hacker tool

A corrupted program

. What is meant by the term 'cyber-crime'?

Any crime that uses computers to jeopardize or attempt to jeopardize national security

The use of computer networks to commit financial or identity fraud

The theft of digital information

Any crime that involves computers and networks

. Which of these is an effective way of securing against cyber threats?

Complete eradication of threats.

Ensure that the severity of cyber war as a threat is recognized, and that instances of cyber warfare are identified, publicized, and acted upon immediately.

Acceptance that there can be no absolute security, instead designing resilient IT systems and building international cooperation and information exchange in order to reduce threat and increase resilience.

All of the above.

Chapter 27 Self-test questions

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