Chapter 4 Quiz

. Which of the following is one of the key processes involved in remodeling the adolescent brain?

Growth in brain size

Synaptic pruning

Change in brain shape

Executive pruning

Prefrontal pruning

. Which of the following statements about myelin is false?

It is a fatty substance.

It coats the axons of neurons.

It gives neural axons a whitish appearance.

It increases communication speed between neurons.

It increases interference from neighboring neuronal activity.

. Michael is planning his course schedule for his sophomore year and deciding which of several courses he would like to take. Which part of his brain is likely to be highly engaged in this task?

Prefrontal cortex

Sensory cortex

Primary motor cortex

Occipital lobe

Temporal lobe

. Which of the following statements about adolescents and risk-taking behavior, such as drinking and driving or unprotected sex, is true?

They generally are unaware of the consequences and therefore engage in such behavior.

They generally are aware of the consequences and therefore avoid engaging in such behavior.

They generally are aware of the consequences but tend to focus instead on the social rewards of such behavior.

They generally are aware of the consequences but tend to engage in such behavior because of their thrill-seeking tendencies and lack of self-discipline.

They are unlikely to engage in such behavior if they have participated in intervention programs that focus on providing information about the negative consequences.

. Unlike the thinking of children, adolescent thinking can best be characterized as

abstract, hypothetical, and illogical.

concrete, hypothetical, and illogical.

concrete, hypothetical, and logical.

abstract, tied to concrete reality, and logical.

abstract, hypothetical, and logical.

. Piaget's chemical solutions task tests the ability of participants to think

logically.

abstractly.

concretely.

hypothetically.

conservatively.

. The ability to develop plans for problem solving is connected to the cognitive capacity to think

hypothetically.

logically.

concretely.

abstractly.

irrationally.

. When we compare the thinking of adolescents to that of emerging adults, we find that emerging adults are _______ practical and _______ tolerant of ambiguity.

less; more

more; less

more; more

less; less

equally; equally

. According to Kegan, compared to younger children, older children

focus solely on what they perceive.

focus both on what they perceive and how they perceive it.

do not understand the principle of conservation.

focus on perceptions can be coordinated.

None of the above

. Which of the following statements is not one of Vygotsky's theories?

People learn about their work through their daily activities.

Thinking is a social process.

An individual's knowledge consists of cultural wisdoms.

Cognitive development involves progressive adaptation to one's environment.

In the study of cognitive development, the individual is the appropriate unit of analysis.

. A psychometric approach to intelligence focuses on

the ability to retain facts only.

children and adolescents only.

individual differences in the general abilities that contribute to intelligence.

intelligence measurements using very specific parameters.

the reasons why intelligence varies among different individuals.

. Many researchers believe that an adolescent's performance on intelligence tests may be influenced by

how well their siblings have performed on them.

their religion.

their cultural background.

how many hours each night they spend doing homework.

All of the above

. Which of the following is/are included in Gardner's multiple intelligences?

Bodily kinesthetic

Intrapersonal

Interpersonal

Spatial

All of the above

. In order to remember the names of the Great Lakes for an upcoming exam, Oliver makes up an acronym: H.O.M.E.S. Oliver has used

working memory.

a strategy.

inductive reasoning.

deductive reasoning.

inference.

. _______ reasoning moves from the specific to the general, whereas _______ reasoning moves from the general to the specific.

Scientific; intuitive

Inductive; deductive

Hypothetical; deductive

Inductive; scientific

Deductive; intuitive

. Identifying the relevant variables in a situation is the first step

in formulating a hypothesis.

to becoming wise.

in conducting an experiment.

in solving a problem.

in developing a strategy.

. Unlike children, adolescents

know what they do not know.

are able to understand sarcasm, irony, and satire.

are able to understand metaphor.

have a more developed ability to think logically.

All of the above

. Erica is worried that everyone in her 8^th grade class will notice that she has a pimple on her forehead. Erica is experiencing

skepticism.

the personal fable.

an imaginary audience.

adolescent anxiety.

low self-esteem.

. Hailey's boyfriend has just broken up with her. When her mother tries to console her, Hailey tells her mother that she can't possibly understand how she feels. Hailey is displaying

rationality.

a personal fable.

an imaginary audience.

skepticism.

childish behavior.

. An adolescent's ability to understand another person's point of view, and how that point of view is likely to influence the other person's reactions to one's own behavior, illustrates gains in

social relationships.

external understanding.

situational thinking.

social cognition.

metaphorical comprehension.

Chapter 4 Quiz

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