Chapter 8 Answer guidance

Q1) What is Europeanization, and what are the differences between bottom-up and top-down Europeanization?

See section 8.1

  • Europeanization is not clearly defined.
  • Generally speaking, it concerns the interactions between the EU, member states, and third countries.
  • 1) Bottom-up Europeanization
    • Member states upload their preferences to the EU level.
    • This influences EU policies and processes.
    • Actors compete and cooperate in the creation of EU policies and processes.
  • 2) Top-down Europeanization
    • Policies and processes from the EU are downloaded into domestic settings.
    • Europeanization is differential across member states.
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