Chapter 24 Multiple-choice questions

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. How many Environmental Action Programmes (EAPs) have there been since (and including) the first which began in 1973?

Four correct incorrect

Five correct incorrect

Six correct incorrect

Seven correct incorrect

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. Which of the following played the most important role in the early development of environmental policy?

European Commission correct incorrect

EU Council correct incorrect

European Parliament correct incorrect

Courts correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is considered to be the 'greenest' institution?

European Commission correct incorrect

EU Council correct incorrect

European Parliament correct incorrect

Courts correct incorrect

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. With respect to the EU Council's and European Council's role in environmental policy, three of the following are correct. Which of the following is incorrect?

The first Environment Council took place in 1972. correct incorrect

National alliances can coalesce around specific issues. correct incorrect

There is a mixture of 'leaders' and 'laggards'. correct incorrect

The European Council has tended to take a lead role in environmental policy. correct incorrect

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. In which years did the number of environmental interest groups substantially increase?

1960s–1970s correct incorrect

1970s–1980s correct incorrect

1980s–1990s correct incorrect

1990s–2000s correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is not one of the 'interacting dynamics' seen to be important in exploring policy developments in this area?

Europeanization correct incorrect

Internationalization correct incorrect

Regionalization correct incorrect

Cross-sectoral policy integration correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is a key area of European environmental policy as well as European integration as a whole?

Wild animal welfare correct incorrect

Waste reduction correct incorrect

Water quality correct incorrect

Climate change correct incorrect

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. With respect to the implementation of environmental policy, three of the following are correct. Which of the following is incorrect?

Implementation was publicized by the European Parliament in the 1980s. correct incorrect

European monitoring and enforcement capacities are weaker than at the national level. correct incorrect

Poor levels of implementation are set to become less of an issue in the future. correct incorrect

The Commission relies on interest groups to flag implementation failures. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is the preferred instrument of environmental policy?

Informal management standards correct incorrect

Regulation correct incorrect

Market-based instruments correct incorrect

Voluntary agreements correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is correct?

Environmental policy is now a key EU-level competence. correct incorrect

Environmental policy remains largely intergovernmental. correct incorrect

Environmental policy is a complicated mixture of national and supranational competence. correct incorrect

Environmental policy is predominantly governed by international institutions beyond the EU. correct incorrect