Chapter 7 Exam

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. In Alzheimer's disease, which brain area is often among the first to be damaged?

Cerebral cortex correct incorrect

Hippocampal system correct incorrect

Amygdala correct incorrect

Primary visual cortex correct incorrect

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. Which form of implicit memory depends on finding predictable patterns in a learning task?

Procedural and motor sequence learning correct incorrect

Perceptual priming correct incorrect

Statistical learning correct incorrect

Conceptual priming correct incorrect

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. Which type of implicit memory is most useful for learning a foreign language?

Procedural and motor sequence learning correct incorrect

Priming correct incorrect

Statistical learning correct incorrect

Contextual cuing correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is an example of conceptual priming?

Priming the stimulus "tree" with the cue "bee" correct incorrect

Priming the stimulus "cat" with the cue "dog" correct incorrect

Priming the stimulus "bear" with the cue "bare" correct incorrect

Priming the stimulus "deer" with the cue "dear" correct incorrect

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. Imagine you are flipping through pictures, trying to find a bird in each one. In pictures where there are trees, the bird is always at the top of one of the trees. In pictures without trees, the bird might be anywhere. After a while, you start to get very fast on finding the bird when there are trees in the picture. This could be regarded as an example of

perceptual priming. correct incorrect

conceptual priming. correct incorrect

bird watching. correct incorrect

contextual cueing. correct incorrect

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. Why does damage to the hippocampal system result in anterograde amnesia (i.e., an inability to form memories of events that happen after the damage has occurred)?

Because memories are stored in the hippocampus correct incorrect

Because hippocampal system is involved in initial encoding of new memories correct incorrect

Because hippocampal system is involved in retrieval of old memories correct incorrect

Because hippocampal system is the bridge between where memories are encoded and where they are stored correct incorrect

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. Hebb's Rule of long-term potentiation (LTP) explains the process of memory consolidation by suggesting that

repeated rehearsal of information allows memories to enter long-term memory. correct incorrect

memory consolidation occurs through the strengthening of synapses from repeated activation. correct incorrect

memory consolidation only occurs for memories we consciously choose to keep. correct incorrect

memory consolidation occurs by growing new neurons in the hippocampus. correct incorrect

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. While the recency effect occurs for the items at the end of list because they are recalled shortly after encoding, the primacy effect may result from

contextual cueing. correct incorrect

statistical learning. correct incorrect

priming. correct incorrect

more rehearsal time. correct incorrect

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. In what way(s) does sleep benefit memory?

Sleep helps us learn new motor skills. correct incorrect

Sleep enables us to learn new spatial layouts. correct incorrect

Sleep helps us consolidate memories. correct incorrect

All ofthe above correct incorrect

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. Which of the following neural mechanisms can help explain the vastness of the number of different things we can recognize or remember?

The neurons in each of our primary sensory brain areas (e.g., visual cortex, auditory cortex, somatosensory cortex) communicate with each other. correct incorrect

The entire brain is able to act as one unit, with each part cooperating with each other part. correct incorrect

The brain has billions of neurons, each one responding to a specific stimulus, whether it is visual, auditory, etc. correct incorrect

Information is not represented in the brain by individual neurons, but by distributed populations of neurons, which can be activated in various distributed patterns. correct incorrect

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. What is one limitation that prevents fMRI from being used to verify whether people are accurately reporting their memories when testifying in court?

fMRI cannot currently distinguish between real and false memories. correct incorrect

fMRI cannot observe activity in more than one region at a time. correct incorrect

fMRI cannot indicate whether the participant has brain lesions. correct incorrect

fMRI measures are sensitive to familiarity but not to recognition. correct incorrect

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. What have experiments shown about severe stress and the hippocampus?

The length of time suffering from severe stress or depression is proportional to hippocampal size/volume. correct incorrect

The length of time suffering from severestress or depression is inversely proportional to hippocampal size/volume. correct incorrect

Increased cortisol levels spare hippocampal neurons. correct incorrect

Cortisol impairs glucose utilization, thereby depriving neurons of this nutrient. correct incorrect

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. Place cells fire when an animal is in a particular _______ in the environment.

mental state correct incorrect

emotional state correct incorrect

location correct incorrect

trajectory correct incorrect

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. People who drive for a living (e.g., taxi cab drivers) are superior at spatial navigation, and have a larger _______ compared to most people.

hippocampus correct incorrect

amygdala correct incorrect

neocortex correct incorrect

cerebellum correct incorrect

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. Which neurons support allocentric processing?

Neocortical cells correct incorrect

Entorhinal cortex grid cells correct incorrect

Hippocampal place cells correct incorrect

Parahippocampal gyrus cells correct incorrect