Chapter 6 Exam

. Which best describes the nature of long-term memory?

It is where information is manipulated and applied.

It is where information is temporarily stored until it either fades or is attended.

It is analogous to a "warehouse" where information can be stored and retrieved.

It is analogous to a permanent storehouse of information that is not vulnerable to the power of suggestion.

. Which of the following best describes what is described in this chapter as a paradox of memory?

A characteristic of memory is that it is supremely fallible, even as it is extraordinarily impressive.

Short-term memory is highly fallible, while long-term memory is not.

Long-term memory is highly fallible, while short-term memory is not.

Short-term memory can sometimes hold information for long periods of time, while information from long-term memory can quickly decay.

. How long does sensory memory last?

Fractions of a second

Seconds

Minutes

Hours

. How can you benefit from the "spacing effect" when studying for an exam?

Practice retrieving the information you are studying.

Study in a quiet place with no distractions.

Study in the same workspace that you will be tested in.

Distribute your study sessions over time rather than holding a single, longer study session.

. How can you benefit from the "testing effect" when studying for an exam?

Quiz or test your knowledge while or after studying.

Test in the same place you study.

Create acronyms of the keywords.

Rehearse information three times before moving on.

. You want to be able to identify the birds in your area, so you get a bird guide. You decide to study it outside rather than inside because you learned in your cognitive psychology class that studying in the same environment where you'll be using the information just might help you remember the information better. This would be an example of

the generation effect.

the testing effect.

context-dependent memory.

the spacing effect.

. Which best describes mood-dependent memory?

Memory is better when a person is in a positive mood than when in a negative one.

Memory is better when a person is in a negative mood than when in a positive one.

Memory is better when a person is in the same mood when retrieving information as when they encoded it.

Memory is better when a person witnesses another person in a positive mood than a negative one.

. What best fits the definition of flashbulb memories?

False memories of events you didn't witness

Vivid memories of moments captured on a camera

Vivid memories of an emotional event

Vivid memories of an unremarkable event

. Blocking the effects of stress hormones on memory has shown promise in the treatment of

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

memory loss resulting from brain trauma.

temporary memory loss resulting from lack of sleep.

severe nightmares.

. The Deese/Roediger-McDermott task is a reliable way of getting people to experience false memories in the lab. In this task, people misremember seeing a word on a list of other words even though it had not been on the list. To observe this effect, it is important that the misremembered word

is suggested with hypnotism.

is primed prior to completing the task.

has a meaning related to the meanings of the words that had been on the list.

starts with the same letter or rhymes with the words that had been on the list.

. According to the forgetting curve first developed by Ebbinghaus, the rate of forgetting

increases linearly over time.

is greatest soon after learning but then decreases more slowly over time.

is slow at first but then gets faster over time.

decreases linearly over time.

. Memory failures can sometimes occur due to absent-mindedness or distraction at the time of encoding. Research suggests that _______ may be particularly likely to experience this.

older adults

younger adults

men

women

. Which of the following is an example of internal source monitoring?

Being able to distinguish your thoughts from those of others

Being able to distinguish your thoughts from what you said out loud

Being able to distinguish between where your chemistry class is located versus where your psychology class is located

Being able to distinguish blue from green

. To increase the accuracy of eyewitness identifications, one approach is to avoid having people make "relative judgments." This occurs when

the eyewitness picks a "perpetrator" who matches the person in their memory.

the eyewitness picks a "perpetrator" who comes closest to the person in their memory, instead of the person who matches the person in their memory.

the police know who the real "perpetrator" is and unconsciously influence the eyewitness.

law enforcement is anxious to close a case and pressures the eyewitness to quickly make an identification in a lineup.

. Compared to more standard police interview techniques, studies have shown that the cognitive intervie wobtains _______ information and results in _______ recollection errors.

less; more

less; fewer

more; more

more; fewer

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