Chapter 20 Self-test questions

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. 'The concept of realism was developed to understand problems that are real and observable and measurable.' True or false?

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. '"Realist" criminologists attacked critical criminology for being ________ in both its analysis of crime and its recommendations for crime control.' What is the missing word or phrase?

vague correct incorrect

idealistic correct incorrect

outdated correct incorrect

overly negative correct incorrect

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. Which of the following were key political contextual factors in the rise of realist criminology? (Select all that apply.)

Critical elections correct incorrect

Increasing crime rates correct incorrect

Increasing public fear of crime correct incorrect

A prolonged period of peace time correct incorrect

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. In which theoretical perspective is right realism grounded?

Sociological positivism correct incorrect

Postmodern feminism correct incorrect

Classical criminology correct incorrect

Critical criminology correct incorrect

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. 'Right realists argue that there is a link between social behaviour and intelligence.' True or false?

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. What are the main themes running through right realist perspectives? (Select all that apply.)

A focus on street crime correct incorrect

Anti-intellectualism correct incorrect

A focus on punishing criminals correct incorrect

An emphasis on rehabilitation correct incorrect

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. 'Right realists focus on the offender as a rational actor.' True or false?

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Which criminologist described the 'problem of crime', and the solution to it, as follows: 'Wicked people exist. Nothing avails except to set them apart from innocent people.'

James Q. Wilson correct incorrect

Cesare Beccaria correct incorrect

Charles Murray correct incorrect

Owen Jones correct incorrect

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. 'Right realists do not view the police as playing a key role in crime control.' True or false?

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Which of the following does Murray see as distinguishing features of the 'underclass'? (Select all that apply.)

Illegitimacy rates correct incorrect

Engagement with violent crime correct incorrect

High levels of education correct incorrect

Non-participation in the labour force correct incorrect

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. Which of the following are among the criticisms levelled at right realism? (Select all that apply.)

Some of its claims for the efficacy of crime control strategies are over-stated correct incorrect

Approaches targeting certain communities or offences could incorporate discriminatory practices into law enforcement correct incorrect

Its emphasis on visible and interpersonal offences distracts focus from other equally-or more-harmful forms of crime correct incorrect

It neglects the influence on criminal activity of factors such as structural inequality, systemic disadvantage, and discrimination correct incorrect

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. In which theoretical perspective is left realism grounded?

Classical criminology correct incorrect

Critical criminology correct incorrect

Contemporary criminology correct incorrect

Positivist criminology correct incorrect

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. 'Left realists are the same as left idealists.' True or false?

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Which theorist describes the central tenet of left realism as reflecting 'the reality of crime, that is in its origins, its nature and its impact'?

Jock Young correct incorrect

Stan Cohen correct incorrect

Charles Murray correct incorrect

Owen Jones correct incorrect

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. What does the concept of 'relative deprivation' mean in left realism?

Living in what any reasonable person would describe as poverty correct incorrect

Being deprived of basic resources correct incorrect

Being deprived of something you believe you are entitled to correct incorrect

Having less money than others in your social circle correct incorrect

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. 'Left realism engages with communities and victims.' True or false?

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Which of these is not one of the participants of the 'square of crime' framework for the analysis of crime and crime control?

Offenders correct incorrect

Victims correct incorrect

The police correct incorrect

Communities correct incorrect

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. Which political party in the UK focused on social exclusion in addressing crime and the causes of crime?

The Conservative Party correct incorrect

The Liberal Democrats correct incorrect

New Labour correct incorrect

The Green Party correct incorrect

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. Which of the following are among the criticisms levelled at left realism? (Select all that apply.)

It abandoned the critical criminological approach of focusing on crimes committed by the powerful correct incorrect

It over-relies on local crime surveys and victimisation surveys correct incorrect

It over-emphasises feminist issues correct incorrect

It integrates diverse theories which are theoretically contradictory correct incorrect

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. Which thinker has in recent years tried to reconnect left realism's core aspirations to a wider understanding of what we mean by 'crime'?

Lea correct incorrect

Matthews correct incorrect

Levitas correct incorrect

Young correct incorrect

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. 'Ultra-realists studied crime in different places from left realists and had different concerns from right realists.' True or false?

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect