Chapter 2 Self-test questions

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. '"Crime" is socially constructed.' True or false?

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. 'In the UK, there are no situations in which the use of cannabis is legal.' True or false?

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Who decides what constitutes 'crime'? (Select all that apply.)

The state correct incorrect

The public correct incorrect

The legal system correct incorrect

The laws of nature correct incorrect

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. Who or what else can have a significant influence on the construction of crime? (Select all that apply.)

The media correct incorrect

Prisoners correct incorrect

Pressure groups correct incorrect

No one else correct incorrect

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. 'Killing someone is not always a criminal offence.' True or false?

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Which one of the following statements best describes social control?

The methods criminals use to persuade others to help them correct incorrect

Societal reinforcements to encourage people to conform to certain social norms correct incorrect

Strategies used by the judicial system to prevent criminal activity correct incorrect

Tactics used by the police to control people's behaviour in social settings correct incorrect

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. Which one of the following statements best describes social deviance?

Behaviour which does not conform to the criminal laws of a given society correct incorrect

Behaviour which does not conform to the norms or values held by most members of a group or society correct incorrect

Behaviour which does not conform to the norms or values held by most members of a 'delinquent subculture' correct incorrect

Behaviour which does not conform to human rights correct incorrect

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. Which theorist saw deviance as a normal and necessary part of people living together in social groups and thought that a certain level of deviance was an indication of a healthy society?

Jeremy Bentham correct incorrect

Cesare Beccaria correct incorrect

Émile Durkheim correct incorrect

John Stuart Mill correct incorrect

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. Who wrote that '… the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilised community against his will is to prevent harm to others'?

Jeremy Bentham correct incorrect

Lord Justice Devlin correct incorrect

Émile Durkheim correct incorrect

John Stuart Mill correct incorrect

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. Which of the following theorists argued for the criminal law to be used in order to protect the moral standards of a society?

Jeremy Bentham correct incorrect

Émile Durkheim correct incorrect

Lord Justice Devlin correct incorrect

John Stuart Mill correct incorrect

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. 'A criminal law that is designed to protect the participant from themselves is ______.' What is the missing word?

libertarian correct incorrect

paternalistic correct incorrect

utilitarian correct incorrect

zemiologistic correct incorrect

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. What is the main limitation of the harm principle?

It only applies to acts of physical harm caused to individuals correct incorrect

It is not very useful in deciding which activities should be criminalised correct incorrect

It does not apply to harmful acts against society correct incorrect

It does not apply to non-humans correct incorrect

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. Many criminal laws regulate actions and objects in order to prevent potential harm. Which of the following are regulated or prohibited in the UK for this reason? (Select all that apply.)

The sale of firearms correct incorrect

Dangerous driving correct incorrect

The sale of crowbars correct incorrect

Dealing drugs correct incorrect

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. What problems can arise when we thoughtlessly apply the principles of protection from harm and the protection of values when deciding whether actions should be criminalised? (Select all that apply.)

You can't reflect on criminalisation without legal training correct incorrect

It may give too much power to those who make the criminal laws correct incorrect

It can set too high a bar for making actions criminal correct incorrect

Vulnerable sections of society may be disadvantaged correct incorrect

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. 'Human rights recognise that those acting on behalf of states cannot offend.' True or false?

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. What is the Schwendinger approach?

A criminal law system claiming that all violations of basic human rights should be criminalised correct incorrect

A term used to describe how the ECHR is applied in the UK correct incorrect

A scheme intended to protect four types of interests: physical integrity, privacy, autonomy, and freedom from humiliation or degrading treatment correct incorrect

A criminal law system claiming that only the most serious violations of human rights should be criminalised, with others controlled through education or civil law correct incorrect

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. Which of the following phrases could be used to describe the criminal law? (Select all that apply.)

Assumes that intentional acts are most deserving of punishment correct incorrect

Focuses on harms where a perpetrator can be blamed correct incorrect

A set of rules backed up by sanctions correct incorrect

Interested in every type of harm, including social harms correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is the best description of what zemiologists study?

Harm where an individual can be blamed correct incorrect

Harm to oneself correct incorrect

Harm where there is a direct victim correct incorrect

Harm however it arises correct incorrect

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. 'It is universally recognised that all societies need the criminal law in order to hold people to account and punish them.' True or false?

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect