Chapter 19 Self-test questions

. Which group developed the concept of social harm?

A group of classical criminologists

A group of critical criminologists

A group of cultural criminologists

A group of feminist criminologists

. Which key thinker provides one of the clearest explanations of social harm by describing what a harm-free society would look like?

Lynne Copson

Paddy Hillyard

Simon Pemberton

Steve Tombs

. Which of the following are examples of social harm? (Select all that apply.)

Air pollution

Deaths due to austerity measures

The failure to meet education needs

The industrial legacy of asbestos

. Which of the following are terms are often used to describe the kinds of phenomena we might consider to be social harms? (Select all that apply.)

Accident

Disaster

Failing

Crime

. Which of the nine fundamental criticisms of the academic discipline of criminology argues that constructions of 'crime' (and 'justice') do not exist in themselves?

'Crime' has no ontological reality.

Criminology perpetuates the myth of 'crime'.

Constructing 'crime' through the criminal law is myopic.

'Crime' helps to maintain power relations.

. 'Hillyard and Tombs (2004) argue that the media gives the general public the mistaken impression that "crime" _______.' Which phrase completes this sentence?

mainly consists of many petty, trivial events.

is happening all around us, all the time.

mainly consists of serious and harmful events.

rarely results in lasting harm or injury.

. Hillyard and Tombs (2004) argue that detection, arrest, prosecution, conviction, and punishment can all be described as what type of process?

Unjust

Political

Social

Radical

. What was the title of the book in which Norwegian criminologist Nils Christie first put forward the argument that 'crime', and by extension much of criminology, enables systems of crime control to keep expanding?

'Power, Crime and Mystification'

'Crime Control as Industry'

'The Myopia of "Crime"'

'Systemic Crime Control'

. Which of the following are seen as factors that contributed to the Grenfell Tower disaster? (Select all that apply.)

State/stage agency actions, including the installation of cheap, flammable cladding on the outside of the building

Advice from the fire service that residents should 'stay put' within the building rather than evacuating

State/state agency inaction, including the lack of response to the safety concerns residents raised about the building

Systemic inequalities which meant that the tower residents were seen as undesirable residents of a wealthy area and were poorly treated

. Which three of the following are Pemberton's (2016) categories of harm?

Autonomy harms

Material harms

Physical and mental health harms

Relational harms

. What is the term used to describe harms caused by having one's way of life disrupted or destroyed?

Cultural harms

Emotional harms

Psychological harms

Lifestyle harms

. What is the name for the systemic disadvantages faced by members of minority groups?

Minority harms

Intersectional harms

Harms of recognition

Systematic harms

. Pemberton identifies seven broad models of capitalist regimes. Which regime does the British criminal justice system broadly fall under?

Liberal

Neoliberal

Northern corporatist

Social democratic

. Which countries can be seen as broadly social democratic, in terms of Pemberton's models of capitalist regimes? (Select all that apply.)

Canada

Denmark

New Zealand

Sweden

. Penal policy based on welfarism and the needs of offenders is a hallmark of which of Pemberton's (2016) seven models of capitalist regime?

Liberal

Neoliberal

Northern corporatist

Social democratic

. Which of the following are characteristics of the liberal regime? (Select all that apply.)

There are residual systems of welfare which target the perceived needs of low-income households.

There is a high degree of collective responsibility and concern for the 'other'.

Voluntary organisations and the family play key roles in the delivery of welfare.

Entitlement to benefits is means tested and the recipients of benefits are stigmatised.

. Which of the following is one of the key criticisms levelled at the idea of social harm and zemiology?

'Harm' and 'social harm' offer nothing new to traditional criminology.

'Harm' and 'social harm' defy definition.

'Harm' and "social harm" are just a function of capitalism.

'Harm' and 'social' do not address criminal injustice.

. Which areas of criminal law can be helped by zemiology? (Select all that apply.)

Corporate crime

Genocide

Domestic violence

State crime

. 'According to Copson (2016, 2018), criminology and zemiology are ostensibly the same discipline.' True or false?

True

False

. 'Zemiology places emphasis on ____ harm was caused.' What is the missing word?

how

what

where

why