Chapter 18 Self-test questions

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. Which foremost critical criminologist argued that positivism has become hubristic?

Howard Becker correct incorrect

David Matza correct incorrect

Steven Richards correct incorrect

Jock Young correct incorrect

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. Which main ideas of positivism does critical criminology critique?

Consensus correct incorrect

Determinism correct incorrect

Scientism correct incorrect

Treatment / rehabilitation correct incorrect

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. As well as helping and curing people, how can treatment also be used?

A form of consensus correct incorrect

A form of control correct incorrect

A form of coercion correct incorrect

A form of capital correct incorrect

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. Which of the following terms can be used to describe the critical criminology view of society as made up from a variety of groups which do not always agree with each other and have different values? (Select all that apply.)

Consensus correct incorrect

Diversity correct incorrect

Power correct incorrect

Pluralism correct incorrect

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. For critical criminologists, what factors lead to 'crime problems'? (Select all that apply.)

Faulty biology or psychology correct incorrect

Deviance and disorder correct incorrect

Inequalities of class, race, and gender correct incorrect

Unequal distribution of power correct incorrect

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. In what ways do critical criminologists draw on and foreground the concept of power? (Select all that apply.)

The power of some groups to create consensus correct incorrect

The power of some groups to criminalise forms of behaviour correct incorrect

The power of some groups to decriminalise forms of behaviour correct incorrect

The power of some groups to evade being criminalised correct incorrect

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. When did the labelling tradition emerge?

1950s correct incorrect

1960s correct incorrect

1970s correct incorrect

1980s correct incorrect

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. Who proposed that there are two kinds of deviancy: primary and secondary deviance?

Howard Becker correct incorrect

Edwin Lemert correct incorrect

David Matza correct incorrect

Jock Young correct incorrect

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. What is the term used to express the idea that once a label is applied it is hard to remove?

Spoilt identity correct incorrect

Spoilt self correct incorrect

Ruined identity correct incorrect

Ruined self correct incorrect

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. Which criminal justice response reflects the concept of 'radical non-intervention'?

Deterrence correct incorrect

Punishment correct incorrect

Restorative justice correct incorrect

Treatment and rehabilitation correct incorrect

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. Which of these criminologists were among those described as 'naughty schoolboys' (Radzinowicz,1999: 229)? (Select all that apply.)

Stan Cohen correct incorrect

David Matza correct incorrect

Mary McIntosh correct incorrect

Jock Young correct incorrect

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. 'The critical, Marxist-based criminological argument is that conflict and crime is the result of the fundamental unfairness of the ________ system.' What is the missing word?

justice correct incorrect

economic correct incorrect

health correct incorrect

education correct incorrect

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. Who first argued that capitalism is criminogenic?

William Bonger correct incorrect

Stan Cohen correct incorrect

Friedrich Engels correct incorrect

Karl Marx correct incorrect

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. Which book calls for the development of a fully social theory of deviance?

Critique of Legal Order: Crime Control in Capitalist Society (1974) correct incorrect

Das Kapital (1867) correct incorrect

New Criminology (1973) correct incorrect

Toward a Political Economy of Crime (1975) correct incorrect

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. Which of the following are some of the difficulties associated with preventing and responding to state crime? (Select all that apply.)

State breaches do not happen at an individual level. correct incorrect

The international community rarely steps in when actions are internal to a state. correct incorrect

Many of the harmful activities of states are not criminal. correct incorrect

State agents do not control the actions of their servants to try to prevent state crimes. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is the main concept associated with 'third wave' feminism?

Sexuality correct incorrect

Marxism correct incorrect

Positivism correct incorrect

Intersectionality correct incorrect

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. Which of the following are among the criticisms levelled at cultural criminology? (Select all that apply.)

It studies the nuance and complexity of youth culture but takes a simplistic view of wider society and criminal justice actors. correct incorrect

It does not explain how and why people move out of a broad culture into a subculture. correct incorrect

It does not acknowledge the emotions that members of subcultures feel when participating in behaviours associated with the group. correct incorrect

It does not give us insight into subcultures and their activities from within. correct incorrect

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. 'The main aim of convict criminology is to increase prisoners' knowledge through education programmes.' True or false?

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect