* not completed

. Which theorist saw deviance as a normal and necessary part of people living together in social groups and thought that a certain level of deviance is an indication of a healthy society?

Edwin H. Sutherland correct incorrect

Robert K. Merton correct incorrect

Clifford Shaw correct incorrect

Émile Durkheim correct incorrect

* not completed

. Sutherland's theory of differential association is used to explain what kind of distribution of criminal behaviour?

Social distribution correct incorrect

Gender distribution correct incorrect

Physical distribution correct incorrect

Age distribution correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is NOT one of Merton's responses to anomie?

Conformity correct incorrect

Innovation correct incorrect

Ritualism correct incorrect

Retreatism correct incorrect

Delinquency correct incorrect

Rebellion correct incorrect

* not completed

. Who wrote Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang (1955)?

Albert K. Cohen correct incorrect

Robert K. Merton correct incorrect

Richard A Cloward correct incorrect

Edwin H. Sutherland correct incorrect

Henry McKay correct incorrect

* not completed

. What is a subculture?

The norms and values held by most members of a society. correct incorrect

The norms and values held by some members of a society, and which are oppositional to middle class values. correct incorrect

The norms and values held by a criminal group. correct incorrect

The norms and values held by a social group and which coexist with the norms and values shared by most members of a society. correct incorrect

* not completed

. What does the phrase 'delinquent subculture' in the context of Albert Cohen's (1955) classical work 'Delinquent Boys' mean?

The norms and values of delinquents in society. correct incorrect

The norms and values of a delinquent gang that emerges in a conflict-ridden situation. correct incorrect

The norms and values of a minority ethnic group. correct incorrect

The norms and values of a revolutionary political group in a capitalist society. correct incorrect

* not completed

. What mode of adaptation involves accepting the legitimate goals and the socially approved means of acquiring those goals?

Ritualism correct incorrect

Retreatism correct incorrect

Rebellion correct incorrect

Conformity correct incorrect

* not completed

. What problem does a 'delinquent subculture' in the context of Albert Cohen's (1955) classical work 'Delinquent Boys' resolve?

Status anxiety of some working class boys in a middle class school. correct incorrect

Poverty of most working class boys in a middle class school. correct incorrect

Educational problems of some working class boys in a middle class school. correct incorrect

Social problems of some working class boys in a middle class school. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements best describes 'strain' in the context of Robert Merton's Strain (Anomie) theory?

Discrepancy between cultural goals and institutional means experienced by some members of society. correct incorrect

The acceptance of cultural goals and institutionalised means by some members of society. correct incorrect

The increasing gap between the poor and the rich experienced by by some members of society. correct incorrect

An individual sense of the lack of the legitimacy of state laws in a capitalist society. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which two theorists are most closely connected with 'neutralisation and Drift'?

Shaw and McKay correct incorrect

Sykes and Matza correct incorrect

Cloward and Ohlin correct incorrect

Durkheim and Merton correct incorrect