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Burkholder, Exploitation, Inequality, and Resistance
Chapter 1: The Eve of Atlantic Empires
“Art of the Nasrids,” Metropolitan Museum of Art
Explore the art Nasrid period in Granada, before the nation was conquered by Castile.
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nasr/hd_nasr.htm
“The Aztecs,” In Our Time podcast
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the rise and fall of the Aztec empire.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00548v0
“Kongo,” Encyclopedia Britannica
Read more about the history of Kongo.
https://www.britannica.com/place/Kongo-historical-kingdom-Africa
Chapter 2: Exploration, Columbus, and Early Settlement
“Think You Know the Real Christopher Columbus?” NPR
The NPR show Tell Me More explores and debunks myths surrounding Columbus.
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=141164702
“What Became of the Taíno?” Smithsonian Magazine
Learn more about the people who first encountered Columbus.
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/what-became-of-the-taino-73824867/
“Encomienda,” Encyclopedia Britannica
Read more about the Spanish system in tribute in the Caribbean and Central America.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/encomienda
Chapter 3. Conquest and Failure on the Mainland
“The Siege of Tenochtitlan,” In Our Time podcast
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Cortés’s time in the Aztec capital and the end of an empire.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b016924x
“How did 168 conquistadors take down the Inca empire?” Stuff You Should Know
Hosts Chuck Bryant and Josh Clark discuss Pizarro’s defeat of the Inka.
http://www.stuffyoushouldknow.com/podcasts/168-conquistadors-inca-empire.htm
“The Conquistadors,” PBS
Learn more about the lives and careers of four key conquistadors.
http://www.pbs.org/conquistadors/index.html
Chapter 4. Invaders Alter the Indies
“The Columbian Exchange,” Alfred Crosby, National Humanities Center
Learn more about the massive biological transfer begun by Columbus’s voyage.
http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nattrans/ntecoindian/essays/columbian.htm
“Letter to Santangel,” Kings College London
Read the full text of Columbus’s letter announcing the result of his first voyage.
http://www.ems.kcl.ac.uk/content/etext/e022.html
“How Europeans Brought Sickness to the New World,” Science
Learn more about the impact of European diseases on indigenous Americans.
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/06/how-europeans-brought-sickness-new-world
Chapter 5. Tools of Empire: Administration
“Philip III,” Encyclopedia Britannica
Learn more about the life of the Iberian kind.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-III-king-of-Spain-and-Portugal
“Life at sea in the 16th century,” Roger McCoy, University of Utah
Read about what life what like for sailors on the long voyages between Europe and the New World.
http://www.newworldexploration.com/explorers-tales-blog/life-at-sea-in-the-16th-century
“The Portuguese,” The Invention of Brazil, BBC
Host Misha Glenny traces the history of Portugal and Brazil in this podcast form the BBC.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b042jcxs
Chapter 6. Tools of Empire: The Church
“A Jewish Family Burns at the Stake in Mexico City,” Haaretz
Read about a famous case from the Mexican Inquisition involving the Carbajal family.
http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/this-day-in-jewish-history/.premium-1.690593
“How the Spanish Inquisition Worked,” Stuff You Missed in History Class
Learn more about the mechanics of the Inquisition
http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/how-the-spanish-inquisition-worked.htm
Chapter 7. Language, Education, and Idolatry
“Diego de Landa,” Encyclopedia Britannica
Read more about the life of Diego de Landa.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Diego-de-Landa
“The Jesuits,” In Our Time podcast
Host Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Society of Jesus and their prominent role in education.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007731w
Chapter 8. Economies and Trade
“The Manila Galleon,” Metropolitan Museum of Art
Explore some of the artifacts traded on the Manila Galleon.
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mgtr/hd_mgtr.htm
“Captain Henry Morgan,” Great Lives podcast
Learn more about the famous pirate, Captain Morgan, in this podcast from the BBC.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0076pcb
“The New Laws of the Indies,” by Michael Perri, Texas A & M University – Texarkana
Read the text of the laws intended to protect the indigenous population of the Americas.
http://www.csus.edu/indiv/o/obriene/art111/readings/thenewlawsoftheindies1542.htm
“The Trans Pacific Silver Trade,” 15 Minute History
Host Kristie Flannery and guest Ashleigh Dean discuss the flow of Spanish silver around the world in this podcast from the University of Texas.
Chapter 9. Societies of Caste and Class
“First Blacks in the Americas,” CUNY
Learn more about ladinos and bozales.
http://www.firstblacks.org/en/summaries/arrival-02-ladinos-and-bozales/
“Royal governors, Jesuits, and slaves,” Encyclopedia Britannica
Read about the Society of Jesus and slavery in Brazil in this article.
https://www.britannica.com/place/Brazil/Royal-governors-Jesuits-and-slaves
Chapter 10. Living in an Empire
“Latin American architecture,” Encyclopedia Britannica
Read more about the history of architecture after the arrival of Europeans.
https://www.britannica.com/art/Latin-American-architecture
Antigua Guatemala, UNESCO
Learn about the ancient capital of Guatemala, relocated after earthquakes in the 18th century.
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/65
Chapter 11. Expanding Empires
Suppression and Restoration of the Jesuits
Read about the expulsion of the Society of Jesus and their eventual restoration.
http://www.jesuit.org.uk/suppression-and-restoration-jesuits
“Marquis de Pombal,” Encyclopedia Britannica
Learn about the life of Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marquis-de-Pombal
“Treaty of Utrecht” podcast, UK National Archives
Host James Falkner discusses the War of Spanish Succession and the series of treaties that ended the conflict.
http://media.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php/treaty-utrecht/
Chapter 12. Age of Independence
“Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla,” PBS
Learn about the life of Miguel Hidalgo.
http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/biographies/hidalgo_costilla.html
“War and independence in Spanish America, 1810-26,” University of London
Listen to a podcast by Professor Anthony MacFarlane of University of Warwick on the struggle for independence.
“Pedro I and Pedro II,” Brown University
Learn more about Brazilian independence and the nation’s first rulers.
http://library.brown.edu/create/fivecenturiesofchange/chapters/chapter-3/pedro-i-and-pedro-ii/
Chapter 13. Age of Independence (II)
“Agustín de Iturbide,” Encyclopedia Britannica
Learn more about the life of the first emperor of Mexico
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Agustin-de-Iturbide
“Bolivar,” In Our Time
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the life and time of Simón Bolivar.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00f4prq
“General Pablo Morillo,” State Hermitage Museum
View a portrait of General Pablo Morillo by Horace Vernet.
https://www.hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/01.+Paintings/37547/
Chapter 14. Colonies to Nations
“Manifiesto o Memoria,” Agustín de Iturbide
View a summary of the revolution and establishment of the Mexican empire written by Iturbide in 1823.
https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth6723/?q=Manifiesto%20o%20Memoria
“Antonio López de Santa Anna,” Wallace L. McKeehan, Texas A&M University
Learn more about the life of Santa Anna in this collection of documents about the leader.
http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/ccbn/dewitt/santaanna.htm
“Simon Bolivar, the Liberator,” Stuff You Missed in History Class
Hosts Katie Lambert and Sarah Dowdey discuss South American independence and Simón Bolívar.
http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/simon-bolivar-the-liberator.htm
Chapter 15. Nation-State Formation
“Rafael Núñez,” Encyclopedia Britannica
Read more about the life of the Colombia leader.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rafael-Nunez
“Important from Venezuela,” New York Times
Read the New York Times report announcing the end of Venezuela’s Federal War in 1863.
Gadsden Purchase, 1853–1854, US State Department Office of the Historian
Learn more about Mexico’s decision to sell territory to the United States.
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/gadsden-purchase
Chapter 16. Early Foreign Wars and Interventions
“The Franco-Mexican Pastry War,” Stuff You Missed in History Class
Hosts Holly Frey and Tracy B. Wilson discuss the conflict prompted by French bakers.
http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/the-franco-mexican-pastry-war.htm
“US-Mexican War,” PBS
This rich site devoted to the conflict features biographies of key figures, maps, timelines, and more.
http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/index_flash.html
“Mexican Nationalism: History and Theory,” University of London
Listen to a lecture by David Brading of Cambridge University on the rise of Mexican nationalism in the 19th century.
http://www.history.ac.uk/podcasts/latin-american-history/mexican-nationalism-history-and-theory
“Maximilian, Mexico's Habsburg Prince,” Stuff You Missed in History Class
Hosts Sarah Dowdey and Deblina Chakraborty discuss the brief reign of Mexico’s Maximilian I.
http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/maximilian-mexicos-habsburg-prince.htm
Chapter 17. Progress and Modernization
“Mexico During the Porfiriato,” Library of Congress
Explore documents and photographs related to Porfirio Díaz from the collection of the Library of Congress.
“Positivism in Latin American Philosophy,” Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Learn more about the philosophy that largely dominated Latin America in the second half of the 19th century.
http://www.iep.utm.edu/latin-am/#SH3c
“Benito Juárez, President of Mexico,” Encyclopedia Britannica
Read more about the life and career of Benito Juárez.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benito-Juarez
Chapter 18. The Age of Informal Imperialism
“How the Spanish-American War Worked,” Stuff You Missed in History Class
Hosts Candace Gibson and Jane McGrath discuss the events of the relatively brief Spanish-American War and its outsize impact.
http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/how-the-spanish-american-war-worked.htm
Panama Canal photography collection, University of California
Explore historic photographs of the construction of the Panama Canal.
http://www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu/browse/azBrowse/Panama+Canal
“Malaria and the Panama Canal,” Stuff You Missed in History Class
Hosts Candace Keener and Katie Lambert discuss the ways malaria affected attempts to build the Panama Canal.
http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/malaria-and-the-panama-canal.htm
Chapter 19. Early Populism
“Topics in Chronicling America - The Mexican Revolution,” Library of Congress
Explore this collection of newspaper articles and other resources on the Mexican Revolution.
https://www.loc.gov/rr/news/topics/mexicanrevolution.html
“Mexican Revolution,” In Our Time
Host Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the end of Díaz’s regime and the tumultuous decade that followed in this podcast from the BBC.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00xhz8d
“Hipólito Yrigoyen: 100 Years On from the People’s First President,” The Argentina Independent
An English-language Argentine newspaper looks back at the career and legacy of Hipólito Yrigoyen.
Chapter 20. Depression and World War
“The Zimmerman Telegram,” National Archives
Learn more about the famous telegram and see photographs of the original and the first decoded copy.
https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/zimmermann
“She Died Just in Time,” BBC
This podcast from the BBC examines the life and legacy of Eva Perón.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/peron.shtml
Carmen Miranda
Explore the official site maintained by the heirs of Carmen Miranda, with recordings, video, and photographs.
http://carmenmiranda.com.br/index_eng.html
Chapter 21. Onset of Cold War
“Juan Jose Arevalo Is Dead at 86,” New York Times
Read the obituary of Guatemalan president published in the New York Times in 1990.
“History of ECLAC,” United Nations
Read about the history of the UN commission for Latin America.
http://www.cepal.org/en/historia-de-la-cepal
“United Fruit Company Photograph Collection, 1891–1962,” Harvard Business School
Explore this collection of historical photos related to the United Fruit Company.
https://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/pc/large/united-fruit.html
Chapter 22. Cuban Revolution
Fidel Castro, FBI Records: The Vault
Read the public portions of Fidel Castro’s FBI file.
https://vault.fbi.gov/fidel-castro
“Fidel Castro: A Life in Pictures,” BBC
View a collection of photographs compiled by the BBC.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/4392634.stm
“Cuban Missile Crisis,” National Security Archive, George Washington University
View government documents related to the Cuban Missile Crisis.
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/chron.htm
“Fidel Castro, Cuban Revolutionary Who Defied U.S., Dies at 90,” New York Times
Read the Times obituary of the revolutionary leader.
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/26/world/americas/fidel-castro-dies.html?_r=0
Chapter 23. National Security State and Dirty Wars
“Argentine Mothers mark 35 years marching for justice,” BBC
Read more about the continuing work of the Madres de la Plaza de Mayo.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-17847134
“The CIA in Latin America,” National Security Archive, George Washington University
Explore a collection of declassified documents related to the CIA’s activity in Latin America.
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB27/
“Chilean coup: 40 years ago I watched Pinochet crush a democratic dream,” The Guardian
Read a first person account of the coup that brought Pinochet to power.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/07/chile-coup-pinochet-allende
Chapter 24. Debt and the Lost Decade
“Neoliberalism,” Encyclopedia Britannica
Learn more about the ideology that characterized the Lost Decade.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/neoliberalism
“Mexico's 'maquiladora' labor system keeps workers in poverty,” McClatchy Newspapers
Read about life working in a maquiladora.
http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/world/article24730981.html
“The Lie that Saved Brazil, This American Life
Listen to the story of how Brazil attempted to combat their rampant inflation after the Lost Decade.
https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/423/the-invention-of-money?act=1#play
Chapter 25. Violence and Security in the Late-Twentieth Century
“Understanding the Iran-Contra Affairs,” Brown University
Explore this in depth resource on the scandal itself, the hearings and investigation, and the impact.
https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/
“The Death of Manuel Noriega—and US Intervention in Latin America,” The Atlantic
This obituary of Noriega also explores what involvement in Panama taught the United States about its interventionist efforts.
“Billionaire Druglords: El Chapo Guzman, Pablo Escobar, The Ochoa Brothers,” Forbes
This article in Forbes discusses the wealth of drug lords and how they conduct their business.
Chapter 26. Greece: Prometheus
“Who Will Control Colombia's Cocaine Without FARC?” The Atlantic
This magazine feature considers the future of the drug trade in light of the peace agreement between the FARC and Colombia.
https://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2016/07/farc-cocaine-colombia/489551/
“El Chapo and the Secret History of the Heroin Crisis,” Esquire
This Esquire investigation examines the role of El Chapo on the heroin epidemic in the U.S.
http://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a46918/heroin-mexico-el-chapo-cartels-don-winslow/
“Who Are the FARC?” BBC
The BBC offers a look back at the FARC on the occasion of their peace treaty with Colombia.