Chapter 20 Quiz for Exploitation, Inequality, and Resistance

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1. In 1937 and 1938, Mexican president Lázaro Cárdenas nationalized

the railroads and the petroleum industry correct incorrect

the banks and the railroads correct incorrect

utility companies and the banks correct incorrect

utility companies and the petroleum industry correct incorrect

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2. Latin Americans, who had held up European culture as the height of sophistication in the late nineteenth century, rejected it after

the Napoleonic Wars correct incorrect

the Great Depression correct incorrect

World War I correct incorrect

World War II correct incorrect

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3. In the 20th century, the theory of mestizaje expanded to encompass people of African descent.

true correct incorrect

false correct incorrect

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4. Brazilian sociologist Gilberto Freyre argued that

racial discrimination no longer existed correct incorrect

Indian and European heritage were the key elements in Latin America’s racial past correct incorrect

culture was increasingly defined by skin color correct incorrect

African culture should be eliminated from Brazil's public life correct incorrect

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5. In the famous Zimmerman Telegram

Franklin Roosevelt established his Good Neighbor Policy correct incorrect

Germany offered to help Mexico reclaim the U.S. Southwest correct incorrect

Herbert Hoover official repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine correct incorrect

Franklin Roosevelt warned Mexico not to nationalize U.S.-owned businesses correct incorrect

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6. When Mexico nationalized the petroleum industry, FDR resisted the demands of American oil magnates and chose to negotiate.

true correct incorrect

false correct incorrect

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7. The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act and Roosevelt’s bilateral treaties increased trade with Latin America by

forty percent correct incorrect

sixty percent correct incorrect

eighty percent correct incorrect

one hundred percent correct incorrect

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8. During World War II, Latin American countries ultimately

overwhelmingly supported the Axis powers correct incorrect

split their support between the Axis and Allied powers correct incorrect

remained neutral correct incorrect

overwhelmingly supported the Allies correct incorrect

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9. Chile was reluctant to join the Allied war effort because

of close cultural ties with Germany and Italy correct incorrect

of sympathy within the government for European fascism correct incorrect

they hoped for favorable trade terms with Germany after the war correct incorrect

they feared the U.S. would be unable to protect their long coastline from the Japanese correct incorrect

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10. The Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs operated from 1941 until 1945 and was led by Nelson Rockefeller.

true correct incorrect

false correct incorrect

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11. The two nations in Latin America that sent troops overseas to fight in World War II were

Chile and Mexico correct incorrect

Mexico and Brazil correct incorrect

Brazil and Panama correct incorrect

Panama and Nicaragua correct incorrect

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12. Faced with many competing philosophies and political movements, many authoritarian populists turned to

corporatism correct incorrect

anarchism correct incorrect

socialism correct incorrect

oligarchism correct incorrect

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13. In Brazil during the Old Republic, the country’s political system was controlled by the

coffee farmers correct incorrect

cattle ranchers correct incorrect

sugar producers correct incorrect

military correct incorrect

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14. Café com leite politics in Brazil ended in a relatively peaceful coup that installed as leader

Juscelino Kubitschek correct incorrect

Getúlio Vargas correct incorrect

Rómulo Betancourt correct incorrect

Lázaro Cárdenas correct incorrect

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15. Juan Domingo Perón became more heavy-handed after

women’s suffrage was secured correct incorrect

a failed coup attempt correct incorrect

the death of his wife, Eva correct incorrect

he nationalized foreign-owned railroads and utilities correct incorrect