* not completed

. Where does a centralized federation place authority?

a) In the hands of regional officials correct incorrect

b) At the subnational level correct incorrect

c) In the hands of municipal officials correct incorrect

d) At the national level correct incorrect

e) In the hands of the judiciary correct incorrect

* not completed

. What is a confederation?

a) Certain legislative functions assigned to a common institution where the state retains ultimate sovereignty correct incorrect

b) All legislative functions assigned to a common institution where the state retains ultimate sovereignty correct incorrect

c) Certain legislative functions assigned to a common institution where the state concedes ultimate sovereignty correct incorrect

d) All legislative functions assigned to a common institution where the state concedes ultimate sovereignty correct incorrect

e) None of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. All federal states are based upon what?

a) Pressure from neighbouring states correct incorrect

b) Common recognition of a dictator correct incorrect

c) Domination by a few powerful regions correct incorrect

d) Consensus of regions correct incorrect

e) Sovereignty of regions correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to Pierre Trudeau, federal states are based on what?

a) Consensus correct incorrect

b) Self-interest correct incorrect

c) Compulsion correct incorrect

d) Domination correct incorrect

e) Reason correct incorrect

* not completed

. Federalism is sustained by what?

a) A sense of ethnic nationality correct incorrect

b) A sense of linguistic nationality correct incorrect

c) A sense of political nationality correct incorrect

d) A sense of regional nationality correct incorrect

e) A sense of independence correct incorrect

* not completed

. The likelihood that regional grievances may threaten the stability of federalism is greatest when those grievances are linked to what?

a) Economic instability correct incorrect

b) International terrorism correct incorrect

c) A nationalist movement correct incorrect

d) The invitation to join a neighbouring country correct incorrect

e) Religious belief correct incorrect

* not completed

. What does quasi-federal mean?

a) A highly decentralized federation correct incorrect

b) An economic association between sovereign states correct incorrect

c) A trade agreement between two or more states correct incorrect

d) A military alliance between two or more states correct incorrect

e) A nearly colonial relationship between two or more states correct incorrect

* not completed

. What does the compact theory of federalism maintain?

a) Canadian federalism represents a contract among the provinces. correct incorrect

b) Canadian federalism represents an agreement between English and French Canada. correct incorrect

c) Canadian federalism represents a contract among all of the ethnic communities of Canada. correct incorrect

d) Canadian federalism represents an agreement between the First Nations and white settlers of Canada. correct incorrect

e) Canadian federalism represents and agreement between East and West Canada correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which section of the Constitution includes the list of enumerated powers that belong exclusively to Parliament?

a) Section 91 correct incorrect

b) Section 92 correct incorrect

c) Section 93 correct incorrect

d) Section 94 correct incorrect

e) Section 95 correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which section of the Constitution describes the federal government's spending power?

a) Section 91 correct incorrect

b) Section 92 correct incorrect

c) Section 93 correct incorrect

d) Section 95 correct incorrect

e) None of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. The courts have interpreted Ottawa's authority over the regulation of trade and commerce (s. 91 [2]) to include what?

a) Any activity or transaction correct incorrect

b) International trade only correct incorrect

c) Interprovincial and international trade only correct incorrect

d) Intra-provincial and inter-municipal trade only correct incorrect

e) Ottawa does not have authority over regulation of trade and commerce. correct incorrect

* not completed

. On the whole, judicial decisions have had what type of influence on the Canadian federation?

a) No significant influence correct incorrect

b) A centralizing influence correct incorrect

c) A decentralizing influence correct incorrect

d) A regionalizing influence correct incorrect

e) A segregating influence correct incorrect

* not completed

. 13. Which of the following is NOT one of the major tensions that have been at the root of intergovernmental conflict in Canada?

a) Quebec's unique role in Canadian federalism correct incorrect

b) Province-territory relations correct incorrect

c) The political and administrative needs of governments correct incorrect

d) Core-periphery relations correct incorrect

e) All of the above are sources of intergovernmental conflict in Canada. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Quebec's unique role in Canadian federalism is derived from which two factors?

a) Its predominantly French-speaking character and its position on the St Lawrence River correct incorrect

b) Its predominantly French-speaking character and its size correct incorrect

c) Its predominantly French-speaking character and the fact that it shares a border with the United States correct incorrect

d) Its relationship with France and its size correct incorrect

e) Its liberalism and its secularlism correct incorrect

* not completed

. Quebec has had a significant impact on the evolution of Canadian federalism on which of the following two fronts?

a) Free trade with the US and relations with France correct incorrect

b) The environment and financial and administrative practices correct incorrect

c) The Constitution and the environment correct incorrect

d) The Constitution and financial and administrative practices correct incorrect

e) The Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Bill of Rights correct incorrect

* not completed

. What was the strategy of the Bourassa Liberal government of Quebec for changing federalism?

a) Negotiate with Ottawa on single issues correct incorrect

b) Demand major constitutional reform correct incorrect

c) Hold a referendum on sovereignty-association correct incorrect

d) Negotiate with officials from the United States to see if they would allow Quebec to adopt more powers if it were to join their federation correct incorrect

e) Separate from Canada correct incorrect

* not completed

. What does the term "asymmetrical federalism" refer to?

a) Constitutional recognition of the right to self-government for Aboriginal peoples correct incorrect

b) The amalgamation of the provinces within each region correct incorrect

c) Constitutional entrenchment of the principle of the equality of all provincial governments correct incorrect

d) Constitutional recognition of differences in the status and powers of provincial governments correct incorrect

e) Constitutional recognition of the autonomy of municipalities correct incorrect

* not completed

. The core of Canada is which of the following regions?

a) Alberta and British Columbia correct incorrect

b) The strip of land along the Canada-US border correct incorrect

c) The territory along the St Lawrence river correct incorrect

d) The prairies in Saskatchewan and Manitoba correct incorrect

e) The narrow belt that runs between Windsor and Montreal correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following does NOT characterize executive federalism?

a) Legislators correct incorrect

b) Cabinet ministers correct incorrect

c) Public officials (public servants) correct incorrect

d) The Prime Minster correct incorrect

e) The premiers correct incorrect

* not completed

. Who drives intergovernmental conflict that is driven by "institutional self-interest"?

a) Politicians and bureaucrats correct incorrect

b) Groups in society correct incorrect

c) Nations correct incorrect

d) Ethnic cleavages correct incorrect

e) Lobbying groups correct incorrect

* not completed

. Province-building has generally been associated with which of the following two provinces?

a) Nova Scotia and New Brunswick correct incorrect

b) Newfoundland and Quebec correct incorrect

c) Ontario and Quebec correct incorrect

d) Saskatchewan and British Columbia correct incorrect

e) Quebec and Alberta correct incorrect

* not completed

. What does the term "executive federalism" refer to?

a) Relations between the Governor General and lieutenant governors correct incorrect

b) Relations between cabinet ministers and officials of the two levels of government correct incorrect

c) Relations between the core provinces correct incorrect

d) Relations between the peripheral provinces correct incorrect

e) Relations between French and English Canada correct incorrect

* not completed

. What does the term "fiscal gap" refer to?

a) The gap between the amount contributed to equalization by the largest provinces and the amount contributed by the smallest correct incorrect

b) The gap between what each provinces pays into equalization and what it receives in services correct incorrect

c) The gap between the provinces' legislative responsibilities and the expectations of the Founding Fathers correct incorrect

d) The gap between the fiscal capacities of neighbouring provinces correct incorrect

e) The gap between tax rates in the richest provinces and those in the poorest provinces correct incorrect

* not completed

. What are shared-cost programs?

a) Programs administered by the provinces whose cost is shared by all of the provinces correct incorrect

b) Programs administered by the federal government whose cost is shared by all of the participating provinces correct incorrect

c) Programs administered by the provinces whose cost is shared between both the federal and provincial governments, as well as with participating citizens correct incorrect

d) Programs administered by the provinces where Ottawa's financial contribution is geared towards how much a province spends correct incorrect

e) Programs administered by Ottawa on behalf of the provinces whose cost is absorbed by the federal government correct incorrect

* not completed

. Equalization accounts for what proportion of all federal transfers to the provinces?

a) One-fifth correct incorrect

b) One-quarter correct incorrect

c) One-third correct incorrect

d) One-half correct incorrect

e) Two-thirds correct incorrect

* not completed

. Citizens in a federal state are still members of one political community.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. There are far more federal than unitary states among the world's countries.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Regional inequality is the most likely factor behind the escalation of regional divisions into independence movements.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Most Anglophone Fathers of Confederation favoured a unitary system of government.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. In the agreement reached by the Founding Fathers, the most important legislative powers and sources of public revenue were assigned to the provinces.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The compact theory of federalism no longer carries any political weight.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Both the federal government and the provinces have the power to act in most major policy fields.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The courts have historically viewed Canada's POGG clause as a power to be used in times of national emergency only.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. On the whole, judicial decisions have had a decentralizing influence on the Canadian federation.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The double-majority practice meant that a bill had to be approved by a majority of both First Nations and white settler members of the United Canada's legislature from 1848-67.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Sovereignty-association is the term given to the goal of achieving complete sovereignty for Quebec after gaining the approval for such action from its citizens in a referendum.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Liberal model of federalism includes "asymmetrical federalism."

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Since Trudeau, the enthusiasm of the federal Liberal Party to meet the demands of Quebec nationalist-federalists has been tempered by both mixed reactions in Ontario and hostility in Western Canada.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The trio of reforms introduced by the federal Liberal government after the 1995 Quebec referendum changed the written Constitution.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The area of Canada known as the peripheries includes all provinces except Ontario and Quebec.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect