* not completed

. An operational definition is:

one that bears no relation to the underlying concept. correct incorrect

an abstract, theoretical definition of a concept. correct incorrect

a definition of a concept in terms of specific, empirical measures. correct incorrect

one that refers to opera singers and their work. correct incorrect

* not completed

. The importance of measurement in quantitative research is that:

it allows for exact estimates of the degree of relationship between concepts. correct incorrect

it provides a consistent device or yardstick. correct incorrect

it allows us to delineate fine differences between people or cases. correct incorrect

all of the above. correct incorrect

* not completed

. The difference between a measure and an indicator is that:

measures are unambiguous quantities, whereas indicators are devised from common sense understandings. correct incorrect

indicators have a more direct relationship to the underlying concept than measures. correct incorrect

indicators are unmistakable quantities, whereas measures are subjective and value-laden. correct incorrect

measures are devised and then applied as if they were direct indicators of a concept. correct incorrect

* not completed

. The split-half method is used as a test of:

External validity correct incorrect

Internal reliability correct incorrect

Inter-observer consistency correct incorrect

Constancy correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is not a form of measurement validity?

Concurrent validity correct incorrect

Face validity correct incorrect

Conductive validity correct incorrect

Convergent validity correct incorrect

* not completed

. Quantitative social researchers rarely claim to have established causality because:

they are more concerned with publishing the results of their reliability tests. correct incorrect

they do not believe that this is an appropriate goal to be striving for. correct incorrect

they keep forgetting which of the variables they have manipulated. correct incorrect

they tend to use cross-sectional designs, which produce only correlations. correct incorrect

* not completed

. One of the preoccupations of quantitative researchers is with generalization, which is an indicator of:

External validity correct incorrect

Internal reliability correct incorrect

External reliability correct incorrect

Internal validity and reliability correct incorrect

* not completed

. Quantitative research has been criticized because:

the measurement process suggests a false and artificial sense of accuracy correct incorrect

the reliance on instruments and procedures makes it high in validity correct incorrect

it underestimates the similarities between objects in the natural and social worlds correct incorrect

it underestimates the similarities between objects in other worlds correct incorrect

* not completed

. The term 'reverse operationism' means that:

the theories we devise will often hinder our attempts to measure concepts. correct incorrect

the measurements we devise can sometimes help to develop a theory. correct incorrect

techniques such as factor analysis have no place in social research. correct incorrect

driving instructors always make you practice the most difficult manoeuvre. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Written accounts of quantitative research rarely include the results of reliability and validity tests because:

researchers are more interested in reporting their operational definitions. correct incorrect

researchers don't really think that these tests are important. correct incorrect

journal editors have banned these kinds of articles. correct incorrect

researchers are more interested in reporting their substantive findings. correct incorrect