The House of Lords set out the situations in which punitive damages can be awarded.

A private nuisance action was brought against a utility company for the noise and vibration caused by its operations.

Initially the plaintiffs were awarded damages only but the Court of Appeal held that they were entitled to an injunction. It set out the situations in which damages could be substituted for an injunction.

The claimants successfully sued the NHS for serious injuries suffered due to negligence at their birth.

The principles were set out according to which the new periodic payments authorized by the Courts Act 2003 are to be calculated.

The plaintiff had been seriously injured and was unable to appreciate or enjoy a damages award.

The loss of amenity component of a damages award for personal injuries is calculated on an objective basis and so the plaintiff was entitled to a full award.