Chapter 8 Key Terms Quiz 1

Living organisms or replicating entities (viruses and other pathogens) that reproduce or replicate within their host victims. Employed in various ways to gain a strategic or tactical advantage over an adversary, either by threats or by actual deployments.

Devices that use chemical agents to inflict death or harm to human beings. They are classified as weapons of mass destruction.

A treaty drafted and signed in 1997 that aims at eliminating anti-personnel landmines around the world by requiring parties to cease production of anti-personnel mines, destroy existing stockpiles, and clear away all mined areas within their sovereign territory.

Adopted by 107 states in Dublin, Ireland, on May 30, 2008, this treaty prohibits all use, stockpiling, production, and transfer of cluster munitions (a form of air-dropped or ground-launched explosive weapon that releases or ejects smaller munitions).

The act of a weaker sovereign state or states joining a stronger (international) power or coalition as a subordinate partner with the expectation of deriving gains by riding on the “coattails” of that rising power.

Persuading an opponent not to carry out an undesirable action by combining both sufficient capabilities and credible threats so as to forestall that action.

An approach to security provision that focuses on containing the use of violence in interstate and intrastate conflicts and disputes. Conflict management efforts, which often take the form of third-party mediation or peace operations, are best understood as a necessary prelude to conflict resolution.

A cornerstone of US foreign policy during the Cold War, devised by George Kennan, that sought to prevent the spread of communism through a mix of coercive diplomacy, strong alliances, and military strength.

Bans all nuclear explosions in all environments for military or civilian purposes. Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on September 10, 1996, but has yet to enter into force.

Ranges from restricting the future growth in the number, types, or deployment of weapons to the reduction of weapons to the elimination of some types (or even all) weapons on a global or regional basis.

Holds that an act of aggression against one state constitutes an act of aggression against all members in good standing of the international community and therefore is deserving of a collective response. Underpins the peace and security strategies and operations of the United Nations, other international organizations, and some states.

Formal political associations between two or more parties, made in order to advance common goals and to secure common interests.