Chapter 12 Key Terms Quiz 2

A unique process that involves a review of the human rights records of all 193 United Nations member-states once every four years.

A negative term for any working environment that is unacceptably difficult or dangerous. Employees often work long hours for very low pay, regardless of laws mandating overtime pay or a minimum wage.

Obligations on a society and its government to try to provide a certain qualitative standard of life that, at a minimum, meets basic needs.

People who are outside their country of origin or habitual residence because they have suffered persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, or political opinion or because they are a member of a persecuted “social group.”

Adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948, it is the most fundamental internationally proclaimed statement of human rights in existence.

Remaining largely unofficial, this broad spectrum of rights includes group and collective rights, rights to self-determination, rights to economic and social development, rights to a healthy environment, rights to natural resources, rights to communicate, rights to participation in cultural heritage, and rights to intergenerational equity and sustainability.

Established by a United Nations General Assembly resolution in 1993 and mandated to promote and protect the enjoyment and full realization, by all people, of all rights established in the United Nations Charter and in international human rights laws and treaties.

A belief that human rights are derived from sources external to society, such as from a theological, ideological, or natural rights basis.

In use since the 1990s, and then amended, the term is intended to emphasize diversity of sexuality and gender identity–based cultures and sometimes refers to anyone who is nonheterosexual instead of exclusively to people who are homosexual, bisexual, or transgender.

Based on the principles of social justice and public obligation, these tend to be “positive” rights associated with continental European conceptions of liberty and equality. The notion has evolved into what is now called “social” or “economic” rights.

A right that has existed for so long that it is as effective as a law.

Established December 14, 1950, by the United Nations General Assembly and mandated to lead and coordinate action to protect refugees and resolve refugee problems worldwide. Its primary purpose is to safeguard the rights and well-being of refugees.