* not completed

. Which of the following definitions best defines a 'political party'?

A group of people who try to win elections correct incorrect

A gathering of people who campaign together for the same goals correct incorrect

Individual people who meet despite different views correct incorrect

A group of people who campaign for the political right correct incorrect

* not completed

. What is the defining feature of the Conservative party's ideology?

It hinges upon policies that appease prosperous voters from affluent and privileged voters. correct incorrect

It evolved from the ideology of a political party called the Whigs. correct incorrect

It advocates devolution and the separation of the different parts of the UK. correct incorrect

It hinges upon conservative political philosophy and the protection of traditional institutions. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements best describes the Labour party's principles and ideological origins?

It is entirely based on communism, and specifically, Marxism. correct incorrect

It is partly based on socialism and emphasizes the importance of equality, internationalism, and providing public service to everyone. correct incorrect

It is based on socialism, equality, and promoting universal suffrage. correct incorrect

It is based on nationalism and strengthening public services, alongside preventing immigration. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Following various political events, major political parties have been encouraged to change their approaches towards certain debates. Which of the following events did not impact the stances taken by parties in government?

The collapse of Communism and the end of the Cold War correct incorrect

The Coronavirus pandemic correct incorrect

The outcome of the Scottish independence referendum correct incorrect

The outcome of the Brexit referendum correct incorrect

* not completed

. When was the Social Democratic Party (SDP) founded?

1981 correct incorrect

1988 correct incorrect

1942 correct incorrect

1970 correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is not a legitimate way for parties to receive funding?

From public funds correct incorrect

From party members correct incorrect

From private donors correct incorrect

From some private organizations, as defined in law correct incorrect

* not completed

. How have the Conservatives been able to ensure their electoral survival?

Through the Conservative party's pragmatism and ability to adapt to the changing political landscape correct incorrect

Through the Conservative party's emphasis on family values and social conservativism correct incorrect

Through the Conservative party's consistent campaigning for unionism and Home Rule correct incorrect

Through advocating and implementing policies based on conservative political philosophy correct incorrect

* not completed

. Why can party membership be a problematic way of representing the views of the electorate?

Because the percentage of party membership in England remains very low. correct incorrect

Because parties tend to favour certain groups in society, for example, that the Conservatives favour the interests of the privileged, and Labour favours the interests of the working class. correct incorrect

Because major political parties do not sufficiently represent the views of ethnic minorities. correct incorrect

Because there is very little equality amongst party members, with only a select few being in a position of influence. correct incorrect

* not completed

. In the Conservative party, motions of 'no-confidence' can be passed in an attempt to try and replace the party leader. How is a confidence vote triggered?

If 15 per cent of Conservative MPs nominate a new leader to take office and write to the party chair, expressing their common preference in this nominee. correct incorrect

If 20 per cent of Conservative MPs agree and write to the party chair, expressing a lack of confidence in the party leader. correct incorrect

If 50 per cent of Conservative MPs agree that the leader is unsuited to office and agree, by a majority on a party leader. correct incorrect

If 15 per cent of Conservative MPs write to the party chair, expressing a lack of confidence in the party leader. correct incorrect

* not completed

. How were Labour party leaders chosen before 1981?

By a vote amongst the parliamentary Labour party correct incorrect

By a vote of 2/3 amongst Labour party members correct incorrect

By a private meeting amongst party grandees correct incorrect

By a voting system amongst Labour party members, Trade Union members, and registered supporters correct incorrect

* not completed

. The nature of the Westminster system, and specifically the first-past-the-post (FPTP) electoral system produces several tendencies, which political parties often adapt to. Which of the following statements is true about the FPTP system and its tendencies?

It allows splits in larger parties to lead to a successful outcome, like a coalition between two mid-sized parties. correct incorrect

It encourages MPs from larger parties to leave their grouping and perhaps establish a new party. correct incorrect

It discourages MPs from larger parties to leave their grouping or seek to establish a smaller party. correct incorrect

It tends to prevent landslide majorities. correct incorrect

* not completed

. All but one of the following statements correctly characterize various trends in the history of political parties in the UK. Which of the statements is inaccurate?

Two parties have been at the forefront of politics for around a century, and every prime minister since 1945 has come from either party. correct incorrect

Smaller parties have played a significant role in government formation despite being disadvantaged by the UK's electoral system. correct incorrect

There has never been any shift away from two party dominance in the UK, and smaller parties remain insignificant. correct incorrect

Across the last century, both the Conservative and Labour parties have accommodated a diverse range of views between them. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements defines Duverger's law?

It is a tendency in certain electoral systems that allows smaller parties to benefit. correct incorrect

It is a tendency in certain electoral systems that produces a bias in favour of the two main and largest parties. correct incorrect

It is a tendency in all electoral systems which benefits medium-sized parties. correct incorrect

It is a tendency that disfavours the creation of coalition governments in certain parliamentary systems. correct incorrect

* not completed

. What did the 'New Labour Project' seek to achieve in terms of its policies?

Adopting more centrist policies that would be appealing to voters correct incorrect

Adopting more traditionally left-wing policies that would be appealing to trade unions correct incorrect

Adopting a 'Third Way' which is based off a tradition of exclusively applying state socialism to traditional institutions correct incorrect

Adopting a strategy that would allow voters to understand the importance of media and communications in political culture correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following can be characterized as the main trade-off that both Labour and the Conservatives have had to make in order to remain in power or achieve electoral success?

Accommodating a diverse range of views amongst their members correct incorrect

Cooperating with smaller parties to form Coalition governments correct incorrect

Sharply disciplining their MPs if they vote or act in manner that contradicts party policy correct incorrect

Lobbying amongst elite groups to secure party funding correct incorrect