Blatchley Chapter 14 Quiz

. Who devised the chi-square test, and why was it created?

Sir Francis Galton devised the chi-square test in the context of survey.

Fisher created it to help agricultural research.

Sir Francis Galton devised the chi square test to conduct twin research.

None of the above.

.

Which of the following made Galton's survey data difficult to analyze with other techniques that are not like the chi-square test?

Data that is quantitative.

It is hard to get large sample sizes with surveys.

Surveys often yielded qualitative data.

Surveys often lead to non-representative samples.

. Which of the following does not represent a distinction between a parametric and nonparametric test?

Parametric tests use means and standard deviations and nonparametric tests do not.

Parametric tests use quantitative data and nonparametric tests do not.

Parametric tests are inferential tests and nonparametric tests are not.

Parametric tests are can be used for interval and ratio scales whereas nonparametric tests cannot be used for those scales.

. Nonparametric tests and parametric tests are both used to analyze data. But in what regard do they differ?

Nonparametric tests make more assumptions about the distribution of data and the type of measurement scale than parametric tests do.

Nonparametric tests are generally used when the data is on an ordinal and interval scale. Parametric tests are generally used for nominal and ratio scales.

Nonparametric tests are generally used when the data violates key assumptions that parametric tests use.

Nonparametric tests are only used for nominal data. Parametric tests make fewer assumptions because they are used for quantitative data.

. Which of the following is true, regarding the analysis process of nonparametric tests?

Because of the nature of the data, nonparametric tests rely heavily on formulas about the means and standard deviations of the data.

Nonparametric tests contain no numbers as they are used for qualitative data. Parametric tests do.

Nonparametric tests do test for statistical significance but parametric tests do.

Nonparametric tests do not generally involve means and standard deviations, but parametric tests do.

. What is the expected frequency of rolling a 1 or 3 on a fair six-faced die?

1 in 6

2 in 6

1 in 4

3 in 6

. When using a chi-square goodness of fit, what does a significant result suggest?

the observed frequencies match the expected frequencies

the observed frequencies deviate from the expected frequencies

the observed frequencies are larger than the expected frequencies

the observed frequencies are smaller than the expected frequencies

. When the expected values and observed values in a chi-square goodness of fit tests match very well...

The chi-square statistic will be large. And the p-value will be small.

The chi-square statistic will be small and the p-value will be small.

The chi-square statistic will be large and the p-value will be large.

The chi-square statistic will be small and the p-value will be large.

.

Use the information below to answer the next five questions.

A casino owner feels that one of the die that is be used is not fair. He rolled the die 600 times. Below are the data for the number of times each face showed up:

1: 105

2: 97

3: 112

4: 92

5: 93

6: 101

With no other information, what should the expected frequency be for each number to be rolled?

1/5 each

1/6 each

1/2 each

Insufficient information to tell

. There are how many degrees of freedom for this chi-square goodness of fit test?

6

4

1

5

. What is the chi-square value?

2.92

3.51

1.79

4.33

. What is the critical value at .05 level, and what is the conclusion?

The critical value is 11.07. The die is not fair

The critical value is 12.592. There is insufficient evidence to suggest the die is not fair

The critical value is 11.07. There is insufficient evidence to suggest the die is not fair

The critical value is 3.841. There is insufficient evidence to suggest the die is not fair

. How do you interpret a chi-square test for independence?

If the result is significant, than the two variables are deemed to be independent from one another.

A large chi-square value is more likely to be statistically non-significant.

A small-chi-square value is more likely to suggest that the two variables are dependent on one another.

If the result is significant, than the two variables are deemed to be dependent on one another.

.

Below are the data that was collected. Use it to answer the next four questions.

A researcher is examining snack preferences. Do young children’s snack preference dependent on their gender?

	Apples	Cookies
Boys	15	89
Girls	8	77

If the null hypothesis of this test is rejected, which of the following is true?

snack preference is independent from gender.

There is insufficient evidence to show dependency between snack preference and gender.

Gender causes snack preferences.

Gender is associated and related to snack preference.

. How many degrees of freedom are in this test?

1

2

3

4

. The critical value for this test at alpha = .05 is ____. The observed test statistic is ____.

3.841; 2.01

5.024; 1.01

1.1; 3.841

3.841; 1.1

. What is the appropriate conclusion, for this test?

There is evidence based on this sample that gender and snacks are dependent, because the test result is significant.

There is evidence based on this sample that gender and snacks are independent, because the test result is significant.

There is no evidence based on this sample that gender and snacks are dependent, because the test result is significant.

There is no evidence based on this sample that gender and snacks are independent, because the test result is significant.

.

Using the data he collected, answer the next three questions.

Do apple and android mobile phone user use different mobile apps for social networking?

	Apple	Android
Facebook	112	64
Snapchat	29	89
Instagram	78	103

The null hypothesis for this chi-square test would be...

social media and phone operating system are dependent

phone operating system predicts social media app choice

phone operating system is independent from social media app choice

phone operating system leads to no difference in social media app choice

. How many degrees of freedom are there for this chi-square test?

1

2

3

6

. Calculate the chi-square. Which is the appropriate description of the result at alpha = .05?

The result is significant. This suggests that the two variables are not independent.

The result is non-significant. This suggests that the two variables are not independent.

The result is non-significant. This suggests that the two variables are independent.

The result is significant. This suggests that the two variables are independent.

. When conducting a chi-square test, as the number of degrees of freedom __________, the critical value ____________.

increase; decrease

decrease; does not change

increase; increase

changes; increase

. Which of the following best describes the controversy related to Likert scales in your text?

Whether Likert scales are valid

Whether Likert scales generate data that is useful

Whether Likert scales are on nominal scales

Whether Likert scales have equal intervals between scale points

. Why is it important to consider what measurement scale a Likert scale represents?

It is likely to influence whether you can use certain statistical tests on the data

It is likely to influence whether you can trust what the data say

It is likely to impact the size of variability

It is likely to impact the true correlation between groups

. Jeremy decides that he is using a t-test to compares emotional responses measured on a Likert scale between two conditions what does this suggest?

Jeremy is using a nonparametric test because he thinks Likert scales generate data on an interval scale.

Jeremy is using a parametric test because he thinks Likert scales generate data on an ordinal scale.

Jeremy is clearly wrong â Likert scales should always be analyzed on an ordinal scale, and he should instead use a chi-square test.

Jeremy is using a parametric test to analyze what he likely considers to be data on an interval scale.

. Why is there controversy over how to analyze data from Likert scales?

Because researchers disagree over whether they are interval or ratio scales

Researchers disagree over whether it is more appropriate analyzed with ANOVA or Pearson correlation

Researchers disagree on whether the scales can be analyzed with a nonparametric test or not

Researchers disagree on whether they are on an ordinal or interval scale

Blatchley Chapter 14 Quiz

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