Blatchley Chapter 08 Quiz

. Which of the following is the correct definition of an error in statistics?

A careless mistake made by scientists during measurement of an observation.

A range of values obtained by measuring an observation.

The amount by which an observation differs from its expected value.

The rejection of the null hypothesis when it is actually true.

.

Kinnebrook's error was influential because...

His error led to the discovery of the mind as a concept.

His error led to his dismissal from his job.

His error led to the discovery that differences between observers was the norm rather than the exception.

His error led to sailors getting lost at sea.

. Which of the following is true?

The central limit theorem explains how statistics from one empirical sample are related to the theoretical population parameters that the sample came from.

The central limit theorem explains how statistics from one theoretical sample are related to the empirical population parameters that the sample came from.

The central limit theorem explains how statistics from one theoretical sample are significantly different from the empirical population parameters that the sample came from.

The central limit theorem explains how statistics from one empirical sample are significantly different from the theoretical population parameters that the sample came from.

. The central limit theorem is:

An assumption we make when using inferential statistics

An assumption we make when the sample size is very small

A conclusion from null hypothesis testing

A conclusion after many decades of scientists using statistics

. Which of the following options is true?

The sampling distribution of means is a distribution of mean error

The sampling distribution of means is a distribution of population means

The sampling distribution of means is a distribution of sample means

The sampling distribution of means is a distribution of experimental effects

. The sample means in a sampling distribution of means:

Can be different sizes

Is the empirical mean of the experiment

Have to be randomly selected

Are unknown

. The y-axis of a sampling distribution shows:

Means

Percentage

Frequency

Error

. Which of the following is true about sampling distributions?

When comparing the same population, the standard deviation for a distribution of n = 30 is smaller than the standard deviation for a distribution of n = 50.

When comparing the same population, the standard deviation for a distribution of n = 30 is larger than the standard deviation for a distribution of n = 50.

When comparing the same population, the mean for a distribution of n = 30 is smaller than the standard deviation for a distribution of n = 50.

When comparing the same population, the mean for a distribution of n = 30 is larger than the standard deviation for a distribution of n = 50.

. The difference between the mean of the distribution of sample means and the population mean is:

The alternative hypothesis

Zero

A negative value

A positive value

. The probability that a randomly selected sample mean will be within one standard deviation of the population mean is:

15%

33%

68%

95%

. Which of the following is the formula for the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means?

The population standard deviation only

The population standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size

The population standard deviation divided by sample size

The population standard deviation divided by the square of the sample size

. Julie would like to generate a sample in which each element of the population has an equal chance of being selected. The process or theory that Julie should use is:

Law of large numbers

The distribution of sample means

Random sampling

Central limit theorem

. An implication of the central limit theorem is that:

The null hypothesis is usually true

The alternative hypothesis is usually true

The mean of an observed sample estimates the population mean well

Theoretical probability is not needed in hypothesis testing

. Another term for a "theoretical explanation" is:

A universal set

An empirical explanation

A false statement

A hypothesis

. Hypothesis testing is:

A set of procedures used to determine if the null hypothesis can be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis

A set of procedures used to determine if the alternative hypothesis can be rejected in favor of the null hypothesis

Any process that involves random sampling

Any process that does not involve random sampling

. Which of the following is the symbol for the alternative hypothesis?

H₁

H₀

H_a

H_n

. Joshua hypothesizes that listening to music reduces stress in individuals. His hypothesis contains:

Magnitude only

Magnitude and direction

Direction only

None of the above

. When a scientist rejects the null hypothesis, this means that...

There was a statistically significant difference between at least two group means

There was a statistically significant difference between the variability of at least two groups.

The alpha level was less than .05

The probability of the alternative hypothesis occurring is at least 95%

. Two distributions of sample means of size n = 30 that measure different psychological constructs...

Are examples of empirical probabilities that make no assumptions

Will have the same standard deviation

Will not always have the same population mean

None of the above

. Which of the following is true about theoretical and empirical probability?

As the number of observations decreases, empirical probability approaches theoretical probability.

As the number of observations increases, empirical probability approaches theoretical probability.

As the number of observations decreases, theoretical probability approaches theoretical probability.

As the number of observations increases, theoretical probability approaches theoretical probability.

.

Daisy tosses a fair coin twice and obtains heads both times. What is the theoretical probability of Daisy's result?

0

0.5

0.25

0.75

. In the process of hypothesis testing, what is the role of the alpha level?

It quantifies the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis if the null hypothesis is true.

It quantifies the probability of finding the observed data.

It sets a level at which we can be confident that the alternative hypothesis is true.

It sets a level at which we can be sure that we will obtain the exact same data upon repeating the experiment.

.

Paul tosses a fair coin three times and obtains heads all the time. What is the theoretical probability of Paul's result?

0

0.5

0.25

0.125

. Jessica hypothesizes that exercise changes the stress levels in individuals. She is making:

A directional hypothesis

A non-directional hypothesis

A null hypothesis

An alternative null hypothesis

. At the end of hypothesis testing, when the scientist makes the conclusion to accept the null hypothesis, the implication is that:

The null hypothesis is true and will always be true

The probability of obtaining the observed data due to chance is more than 95%

There was insufficient evidence to refute the null hypothesis

None of the above

Blatchley Chapter 08 Quiz

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